理论语言学:历时的维度( Diachronic) (2)从语音对应到词阶法 Sep.25.2006 汪锋 北京大学中文系 wfwfapku. edu. cn
1 理论语言学：历时的维度 (Diachronic) —— （ 2）从语音对应到词阶法 Sep. 25. 2006 汪锋 北京大学中文系 wfwf@pku.edu.cn
类推( Analogy) 口类推公式: A:B=C:Ⅹ Sow∶Sows=cOw:X Ⅹ=cows 类推创新( Analogy creation) measure measurable= verb verbtable ■类推拉平( Analogy levelling) verb: verb+ed=drive: drived(drove
2 类推(Analogy) 类推公式 : A: B= C: X sow: sows= cow:x X=cows 类推创新(Analogy creation) measure: measurable= verb: verb+able 类推拉平(Analogy levelling): verb: verb+ed=drive: drived (drove)
语音对应(1) 口语音对应: If one set of words shared one sound x in language a, at the same time, they shared one sound Yin language b, thenX and"Y are sound correspondences between language a and b. (X:Y) Cantonese Mandarin 常 [she 垂 船 [syn][shuan] [tsuen
3 语音对应 (1) 语音对应: If one set of words shared one sound X in language a, at the same time, they shared one sound Y in language b, then “X” and “Y” are sound correspondences between language a and b. ( X:Y)
任意性原则的重要性 口符号的任意性与语言的同源研究 ■任意性 ■如果语音与意义必然联系,则对应关系必然,世 界所有语言则必对应,无法据以同源 ■任意性,则只有在同源的条件下才产生对应关系
4 任意性原则的重要性 符号的任意性与语言的同源研究 任意性 如果语音与意义必然联系，则对应关系必然，世 界所有语言则必对应，无法据以同源 任意性，则只有在同源的条件下才产生对应关系
语音对应的概率考察 口偶然相似? English Chinese split 劈[phi spill 扑[phu spread铺phau]」 语音对应的概率算法 1)陈保亚(1996)论语言接触与语言联盥,语文出版社:201-229 2) Baxter ramer(2000) Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics; published in Time depth in historical linguistics, ed. Colin Renfrew, April McMahon Larry Trash
5 语音对应的概率考察 偶然相似？ 语音对应的概率算法 1) 陈保亚 (1996) 论语言接触与语言联盟, 语文出版社：201-229 2) Baxter & Ramer (2000) Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics;published in Time depth in historical linguistics, ed. Colin Renfrew, April McMahon & Larry Trask