3 the rules of translation Alexander Fraser Tytler's 3 principles(1797): -The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. The translation should have all the ease of the original composition
3 the rules of translation Alexander Fraser Tytler’s 3 principles(1797) : ◼ The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work. ◼ The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. ◼ The translation should have all the ease of the original composition
Yanfu (1898): faithfulness, fluency and elegance
Yanfu (1898): faithfulness, fluency and elegance
-3.3Eugene A.Nida: "Theory of Equivalent Effect
◼3.3Eugene A. Nida: “Theory of Equivalent Effect
■3.4Hans& Vermeer:the theory of "skopos
◼3.4 Hans & Vermeer：the theory of “skopos
3.5钱钟书： 化境 -Sublimed adaptation
◼3.5 钱钟书： 化境 ◼Sublimed adaptation