5.3 Suffixation 求 -1 Noun suffixes Denominal nouns(abstract) cage baggage, luggage, mileage, percentage dom freedom, kingdom, stardom, officialdom eryl-ry drudgery, slavery, nunnery, nursery, machinery ism idealism, optimism, individualism, consumerism -ship dictatorship, scholarship, friendship sportsmanship ocrasy aristocracy, democracy, meritocracy chood boyhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, adulthood 米 ful handfuL, mouthful, plateful, tubful English Lexicology (m)
English Lexicology(II) 26 5.3 Suffixation ◼ 1) Noun suffixes Denominal nouns (abstract) -age baggage, luggage, mileage, percentage -dom freedom, kingdom, stardom, officialdom -ery/-ry drudgery, slavery, nunnery, nursery, machinery -ism idealism, optimism, individualism, consumerism -ship dictatorship, scholarship, friendship, sportsmanship -ocrasy aristocracy, democracy, meritocracy -hood boyhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, adulthood -ful handful, mouthful, plateful, tubful
5.3 Suffixation 求 ■1) Noun suffixes Deverbal nouns ant contestant, inhabitant, assistant, informant interviewee, addressee, appointee, nominee, employee erl-or driver, employer, interviewer, computer, silencer, accelerator, supervisor, actor, window-shopper -ation foundation, exploration, nomination, starvation na building, dwelling, earnings, savings, clothing, stuffing refusal, revival, survival, arrival dismissal cment amazement, arrangement, movement, government 米 age breakage, coverage, shrinkage, drainage English Lexicology (Ir)
English Lexicology(II) 27 5.3 Suffixation ◼ 1) Noun suffixes Deverbal nouns -ant contestant, inhabitant, assistant, informant -ee interviewee, addressee, appointee, nominee, employee -er/-or driver, employer, interviewer, computer, silencer, accelerator, supervisor, actor, window-shopper -ation foundation, exploration, nomination, starvation -ing building, dwelling, earnings, savings, clothing, stuffing -al refusal, revival, survival, arrival, dismissal -ment amazement, arrangement, movement, government -age breakage, coverage, shrinkage, drainage
5.3 Suffixation 求 1)Noun suffixes De-adjectival nouns ity diversity, equality, rapidity, verbosity, responsibility, actuality, regularity, popularity, respectability eness accurateness, falseness, kindness, selfishness happiness, largeness, frankness, unexpectedness, thickness, goodness 米 English Lexicology (m) 28
English Lexicology(II) 28 5.3 Suffixation ◼ 1) Noun suffixes De-adjectival nouns -ity diversity, equality, rapidity, verbosity, responsibility, actuality, regularity, popularity, respectability -ness accurateness, falseness, kindness, selfishness, happiness, largeness, frankness, unexpectedness, thickness, goodness
5.3 Suffixation 求 1)Noun suffixes Nouns and adjective suffixes -ese Burmese, Chinese, Cantonese, officialese, journalese -(o)anDarwinian, republican, Elizabethan, Shakespearean Indonesian russian ist communist, pianist, specialist, socialist 米 English Lexicology (m)
English Lexicology(II) 29 5.3 Suffixation ◼ 1) Noun suffixes Nouns and adjective suffixes -ese Burmese, Chinese, Cantonese, officialese, journalese -(i)an Darwinian, republican, Elizabethan, Shakespearean, Indonesian, Russian -ist communist, pianist, specialist, socialist
5. 3 Suffixation 求 2) Adjective Suffixes Denominal suffixes ced dogged, rugged, pointed, chocolate-flavored -ful delightful, successful, faithful, meaningful - ish childish, foolish snobbish rish turkish -less homeless, hopeless, merciless, harmless childlike lady like statesmanlike -ly friendly, cowardly, motherly, daily, weekly milky, sandy, hairy, meaty 米 English Lexicology (m)
English Lexicology(II) 30 5.3 Suffixation ◼ 2) Adjective Suffixes Denominal suffixes -ed dogged, rugged, pointed, chocolate-flavored -ful delightful, successful, faithful, meaningful -ish childish, foolish, snobbish, Irish, Turkish -less homeless, hopeless, merciless, harmless -like childlike, ladylike, statesmanlike -ly friendly, cowardly, motherly, daily, weekly -y milky, sandy, hairy, meaty