Three forms of oxygen balanceQb>0Q<0Qb=0.negative oxyPositive oxyZero oxy-gen balancegen balancegen balance122016/11/9
2016/11/9 12 Three forms of oxygen balance Positive oxygen balance Qb>0 Qb=0 Qb<0 Zero oxygen balance negative oxygen balance
Formulacalculation oftheexplosive mixtureTheformulation of explosive mixture whichcontentstow components:Supposing x、y are the ratios of the oxidizeragent and the combustible material, respectivelyand Qx、Qy、Qp are the oxygen balance values ofthe two components and their mixture,respectively.so,x + y =100%xQ,+yQ,=Q132016/11/9第一章炸药爆炸基本理论
2016/11/9 第一章 炸药爆炸基本理论 13 Formula calculation of the explosive mixture The formulation of explosive mixture which contents tow components: Supposing x、y are the ratios of the oxidizer agent and the combustible material, respectively, and Qx、Qy、Qb are the oxygen balance values of the two components and their mixture, respectively. so, 100% x y b x y xQ yQ Q
Forexample:Making up the zero oxygen balance rock explosive withammonium nitrate,TNT and wood powder,trying to calculate theirvalues and getaformula.Supposing x, y, z are the mass fractions of ammonium nitrate,TNTand woodpowder,respectively.Their oxygen balancescanbeobtained by checkingtable,andtheoxygenbalanceofammoniumnitrate is 20%,TNT74%,and wood powder 138%.Therefore,thefollowingcan be deducedbythezero oxygen balance:X+y+z=100%0.2x-0.74y-1.38z=0x=78.72%If z=0, thenx=87.34%y=21.28%If y=0,thenz=12.66%theirvaluesrangeofthethree components are:ammoniumnitratex=78.72~87.34%,TNTy=0~21.28%andwoodpowderz=0~12.66%X=83.3%2fTNTy=10%,thenz=6.7%14
2016/11/9 14 For example： Making up the zero oxygen balance rock explosive with ammonium nitrate, TNT and wood powder, trying to calculate their values and get a formula. Supposing x, y, z are the mass fractions of ammonium nitrate, TNT and wood powder, respectively. Their oxygen balances can be obtained by checking table, and the oxygen balance of ammonium nitrate is 20%, TNT 74%, and wood powder 138%. Therefore, the following can be deduced by the zero oxygen balance: their values range of the three components are: ammonium nitrate ,TNT ,and wood powder If TNT y=10%，then 100% 0.2 0.74 1.38 0 x y z x y z 87.34% If 0 then 12.66% x y z ， 78.72% If 0 then 21.28% x y z ， x 78.72 ~ 87.34% y 0 ~ 21.28% z 0 ~12.66% 83.3% 6.7% x z
Products and toxic gases ofdetonation（1)productsofdetonation:The chemical reaction production in the reaction zone at the endtimeof explosivedetonationreaction.Itisthebasisforcalculationofthethermal effectsofdetonation(2) products of explosive:The detonation production expands furthermore,or interacts withothermatters(theambientair.rockandsoon).Thenewreactionwouldgeneratenewproducts,calledproductsofexplosive（3）toxicgases:CO、HS、SO2和NOXTocalculatethesumoftoxicgases,theothertoxicgasesshouldbeconverttoCO,andtheconversioncoefficientofNoxis6.5.andSO22016/2S2.5.15
2016/11/9 15 Products and toxic gases of detonation （1）products of detonation ： The chemical reaction production in the reaction zone at the end time of explosive detonation reaction. It is the basis for calculation of the thermal effects of detonation （2）products of explosive： The detonation production expands furthermore, or interacts with other matters (the ambient air, rock and so on). The new reaction would generate new products, called products of explosive. （3）toxic gases： CO 、 H2S、SO2和NOx To calculate the sum of toxic gases, the other toxic gases should be convert to CO, and the conversion coefficient of Nox is 6.5, and SO2, H2S 2.5
Mainfactors oftoxicgasproductsAItproducesExplosive oxygen balancesometoxicgases,suchBasH2S、SO2Degree of chemical reactionThewaxed paperenclosure of explosive福The rock contentssulfur162016/11/9
2016/11/9 16 Main factors of toxic gas products A Explosive oxygen balance B Degree of chemical reaction C The waxed paper enclosure of explosive D The rock contents sulfur It produces some toxic gases, such as H2S、SO2