7.He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds 8.The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era-the Industrial Age.Money had become king. 第二节增词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换， 又可能要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译时按意义上（或修辞上）和句法 上的需要增加一些词来忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地 随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词。例如： There were no speeches,no foreign diplomats,no ordinary Chinese with paper flags and bouquet of flowers. (一)增加原文省略的词 1.Matter can be changed into energy,and energy into matter. 2.The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest. 3.In the evening after the banquets,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communique. (二)增加必要的连接词语 1.Heated,water will change into vapor. 2.However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed,some heat escapes and is lost. 3.Since air has weight,it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 16
16 7．He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds . 8．The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era-the Industrial Age. Money had become king. 第二节 增词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换， 又可能要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译时按意义上（或修辞上）和句法 上的需要增加一些词来忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地 随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词。例如： There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ordinary Chinese with paper flags and bouquet of flowers. （一）增加原文省略的词 1．Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 2．The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest. 3．In the evening after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. （二）增加必要的连接词语 1．Heated, water will change into vapor. 2．However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost. 3．Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it
(三)用增词法表达复数概念。 l.Note that the words“velocity”and“speed'require explanation. 2.He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars. 3.The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 3.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place,the drillers go to another. (四)概括性增词 1.According to scientists,it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 2.The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 3.In the summer of 1969,the administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China 3.The treaty awards coastal states absolute control over the fish in their economic zones and the right to sell fishing interests to other nations as they choose (五)从修辞和连贯角度考虑增词。 1.This printer is indeed cheap and fine. 2.Yes,I like Chinese food.Lots of people do these days.Sort of fashion 17
17 （三）用增词法表达复数概念。 1．Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation. 2．He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars. 3．The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 3．The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the drillers go to another. （四）概括性增词 1．According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 2．The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 3．In the summer of 1969, the administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 3．The treaty awards coastal states absolute control over the fish in their economic zones and the right to sell fishing interests to other nations as they choose. （五） 从修辞和连贯角度考虑增词。 1．This printer is indeed cheap and fine. 2．Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days. Sort of fashion
3.A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses,his theories and his conclusion. 4.Nobody has raised his hand so we think everyone agrees with Mr. Zhang. 4.5.He was week and old. (六)增加必要的副词。 1.The bridge is long. 2.The crowds melted away. 3.As he sat down and began talking,words poured out. (七)增加表达时态的词。 英语动词的时态靠动词的形式变化或加助动词来表达，汉语动词没有词形 变化，表达时态要靠增加特有的时态助词或一般表示时间的词。 1.对某种时间概念作强调时，汉译时往往需增加一些词语。 1)The old man had taught the boy to fish,and the boy loved him. 2)I had never thought I'd be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 2.强调时间上的对比时，译文往往需要增加一些词语： 1)The old man said:"They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was as poor as we are". 2)The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird. 品
18 3．A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories and his conclusion. 4．Nobody has raised his hand so we think everyone agrees with Mr. Zhang. 4． 5. He was week and old. (六) 增加必要的副词。 1．The bridge is long. 2．The crowds melted away. 3．As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. （七）增加表达时态的词。 英语动词的时态靠动词的形式变化或加助动词来表达，汉语动词没有词形 变化,表达时态要靠增加特有的时态助词或一般表示时间的词。 1．对某种时间概念作强调时，汉译时往往需增加一些词语。 1）The old man had taught the boy to fish， and the boy loved him. 2） I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 2．强调时间上的对比时，译文往往需要增加一些词语： 1）The old man said: “ They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are”. 2）The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird
Exercises: 1.He spoke hopefully of the success of the movement. 2.My audiences vary from tens to thousands;I expected opposition but got hardly any. 3.The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity. 4.We won't retreat;we never have and never will. 5.When she came to,she saw smiling faces around her. 6.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 7.The plant we live on is not just a ball of inert materials. 8.The classical Greek Civilization knew of seven metals:gold,silver,copper, iron,tin,lead and mercury. 第三节重复法 重复法实际上出是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。 翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词。但有时为了明确， 强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 一、为了明确 (一)重复名词 1.重复英语中作宾语的名词 1)We have to analyze and solve problems 19
19 Exercises: 1. He spoke hopefully of the success of the movement. 2. My audiences vary from tens to thousands; I expected opposition but got hardly any. 3．The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity. 4. We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. 5．When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her. 6．Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 7．The plant we live on is not just a ball of inert materials. 8. The classical Greek Civilization knew of seven metals: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead and mercury. 第三节 重复法 重复法实际上出是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。 翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词。但有时为了明确， 强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 一、为了明确 （一）重复名词 1．重复英语中作宾语的名词 1） We have to analyze and solve problems
2)I had experienced oxygen and or engine trouble. 2.重复英语中作表语的名词 John is your friend as much as he is mine. 3.重复英语前置词短语中所省略的名词 英语中常重复使用前置词，而将第二个，第三个前置词前的名词省略， 翻译时则往往要把此名词重复，以代替英语中重复的前置词。 1)Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 2)The American Fleet is an instrument of policy rather than of diplomacy. 4.重复英语中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词 (名词或代词)，一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要 重复这个作先行词的名词。 They have staged demonstration and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. (二)重复动词 英语句子常由一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往重复这个动词。 1.The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulders,too. 2.He no longer dreamed of storms,nor of great occurrences,nor of great fish, nor fights,nor contests of strength. (三)重复代词 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。 1.Read newspapers every day.They will help you in many ways. 20
20 2） I had experienced oxygen and or engine trouble. 2．重复英语中作表语的名词 John is your friend as much as he is mine. 3．重复英语前置词短语中所省略的名词 英语中常重复使用前置词，而将第二个，第三个前置词前的名词省略， 翻译时则往往要把此名词重复，以代替英语中重复的前置词。 1）Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 2）The American Fleet is an instrument of policy rather than of diplomacy. 4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词 （名词或代词），一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要 重复这个作先行词的名词。 They have staged demonstration and sit－ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. （二）重复动词 英语句子常由一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往重复这个动词。 1．The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulders, too. 2．He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. (三)重复代词 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。 1. Read newspapers every day. They will help you in many ways