1. 1 Measurement technology: background and development Composition of a measurement system Measured Signal object Sensors and conditioning L Data display Observer transducers ane &e recording conversion Fig 11 General configuration of a measuring system
❖Composition of a measurement system: 1.1 Measurement technology: background and development Fig. 1.1 General configuration of a measuring system Sensors and transducers Signal conditioning and conversion Data display & recording Measured object Observer
1. 1 Measurement technology: background and development UFirst stage: sensors or sensing elements >Obtaining information from the measured object and converting them into signals or variables suitable for the measurement > Examples Spring scale: the spring is a sensor or a sensing element, converting force into an elastic deformation the displacement Temperature measurement: liquid-in-glass thermometer is a sensor, converting change in temperature into the displacement of the liquid in capillary tube
❑First stage: sensors or sensing elements ➢Obtaining information from the measured object and converting them into signals or variables suitable for the measurement. ➢Examples: ▪ Spring scale: the spring is a sensor or a sensing element, converting force into an elastic deformation – the displacement. ▪ Temperature measurement: liquid-in-glass thermometer is a sensor, converting change in temperature into the displacement of the liquid in capillary tube. 1.1 Measurement technology: background and development
1. 1 Measurement technology: background and development >For a given measurement task, the first step is to effectively get the information from the measurand pertinent to the measurement v Sensors or transducers play an important role in the whole measurement system
➢For a given measurement task, the first step is to effectively get the information from the measurand pertinent to the measurement. ✓Sensors or transducers play an important role in the whole measurement system. 1.1 Measurement technology: background and development
1. 1 Measurement technology: background and development UThe second stage: signal conditioning and conversion >Further processing of the signals from the sensor Signal conversion, amplification, filtering, data storage and replay, and some special processings UThe third stage: signal displaying and recording Display or record the signal from the signal conditioning stage by means of the methods and equipment suitable for observation and further analysis
❑The second stage: signal conditioning and conversion ➢Further processing of the signals from the sensor: ▪ Signal conversion, amplification, filtering, data storage and replay, and some special processings. ❑The third stage: signal displaying and recording ➢Display or record the signal from the signal conditioning stage by means of the methods and equipment suitable for observation and further analysis. 1.1 Measurement technology: background and development
1. 1 Measurement technology: background and development OAll functions of the three stages are realized through sensors and various measuring instruments and equipment, which constitute the core of a measurement system UThe measured object and the observer must be also considered as the constituents of the system The measurand: influence the sensor through connections or couplings when a sensor is employed to pick up signals from measurand The observer, influence the characteristics of a system through his/her own behaviors
❑All functions of the three stages are realized through sensors and various measuring instruments and equipment, which constitute the core of a measurement system. ❑The measured object and the observer must be also considered as the constituents of the system. ➢The measurand: influence the sensor through connections or couplings when a sensor is employed to pick up signals from measurand. ➢The observer: influence the characteristics of a system through his/her own behaviors. 1.1 Measurement technology: background and development