s 4 A Figure 4-13 Distribution of actin in a cultured fibroblast A Figure 4-14 Fluorescence inicrogral aph of che endoplasmic cell. A fixed human skin fibroblast was permeabilized with a reticulum(ER)in a flattened rcgion of a living monkey kid- detergent and stained with a fluorescene antiactin antibody. ney epithelial cell, The ER is a set of membrane fibers that fibers within it. Courtesy of E. Lazarides. eat larger, nonreticular fluorescent structures are mitochon o This fluorescence micrograph of a cell shows the long actin fuse with each other to form a network, or reticulum. The dria(M).[Scc C. Lee and L. B. Chen, 1988. Cel! 44: 37-46. Courtesy of L. B. Clen. ouiat2i788-1r dunhe tin
三)激光共焦点扫描显微 镜技术 比普通荧光显微镜的分辨率 → Phase pl 提高14--1.7倍。 obstructed light objective lens 通过”光学切片”观察较厚样 品的内部结构。 Condensor lons (四)相差和微分干涉显微 镜技术 相差显微镜的样品不需染色 可以观察活细胞,甚至研究细胞 核、线粒体等细胞器的动态。 Incident light pular amilus (ring) of light on 微分千涉显微镜更适于研究活 细胞中较大的细胞器。 ves. This produces an of a region of che sample depends on the fractive index of ch
（三）激光共焦点扫描显微 镜技术 比普通荧光显微镜的分辨率 提高1.4---1.7倍。 通过”光学切片”观察较厚样 品的内部结构。 （四）相差和微分干涉显微 镜技术 相差显微镜的样品不需染色, 可以观察活细胞，甚至研究细胞 核、线粒体等细胞器的动态。 微分干涉显微镜更适于研究活 细胞中较大的细胞器
Tungsten filament 二电子显微镜技术 Beam of electrons Condenser lens (一)电子显微镜的 基本知识 objective lenses 1.电子显微镜与光学显微 Focal plane of 镜的基本区别 objective len 2电子显微镜的分辨本领 与有效放大倍数 Viewing screen 3电子显微镜的基本构造 A Figure 4-23 The optical path in a transmission electron tungsten filament is focused onto the specimen plane by the magnetic condenser lens. The electrons passing through the specimen are focused by a series of objective and projector lenses to form a magnified image of the specimen on a fluo rescent viewing screen or a piece of photographic filn. The entire columm, from the electron generator to the screen, is maintained at a very high vad ulm
二 电子显微镜技术 ◼ （一）电子显微镜的 基本知识 ◼ 1.电子显微镜与光学显微 镜的基本区别 ◼ 2.电子显微镜的分辨本领 与有效放大倍数 ◼ 3.电子显微镜的基本构造