Unit. fc at hy lit Learnting about Language Discovering useful words and expressions 1 Find a word or phrase from the text that means the same as the underlined words in each sentence. Use the correct form and rewrite the sentence if necessary. I You will be able to stop smoking eventually if you are determined enough Having lived in Hawaii all his life. he was not used to the cold of Northern Europe. She felt embarrassed about her body shape, so she decided to go on a diet I Running a marathon will leave you out of breath You really have no idea just how hopeless cancer can make you feel 6, The effects of drinking too much alcohol on your health can be serious Doing exercises every day can not only make your muscles stronger but also help you relax s If you are expecting a baby, your smoking habit might cause problems for it o In spite of all his eforts he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying 10 He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks 2 Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from below. due to cigarettes tough unfit alcohol mental withdrawal adolescents addicted to stress effects Smoking drinking or taking other drugs produce many harmful and have no real benefits. So why do do it' Perhaps some think it makes them look or cool. Others may think it will help them with in their lives possibly pressure from parents or teachers. Some may just want to experiment. What they do not realize is how easy it is to become smoking. In fact It is the addiction rather than the physical effects that makes it really hard to smoking. When an adolescent realizes how he or she is becoming. it is too late. Sadly the symptoms can be quite severe for some people. Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place 3 Get into groups of four and play a game. Each person should take turns to make a sentence using one of the words below so that the group can make up a story with four sentences desperate disappointed ashamed addicted stressful tough pregnant breathless accustomed abnormal
Unit 3 A healthy life Discovering useful structures 1 Go over the first reading passage again and note the use of"it".It"is a very useful word in English and can be used in many ways. Here are two ways It can be used in the subject or object position to stand for an infinitive. -mg form or a clause. For example It is amazing that at my age I am still fir It is easier to fall than to rise I think it best that you should do more exercise. It is no good crying over spilt milk. He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early. Impersonal"it can be used to talk about time, distance, weather, etc. For example It is a beautiful dav. It takes all sorts It never rains but it pours Ir is 10 kilometres to the castle w'as Iune to quit smokiNg. 2 Read the grammar notes in the appendices. Rewrite these sentences using an it"structure. The sentences have been started for you Giving up smoking is difficult. (It is...) 2 Some young people think they look attractive when they smoke. (It seems.) s Most people believe smoking causes cancer.(It is believed..) 4 Don t try to quit on a stressful day (It's no use...) s China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. (It is astonishing.) o You are not allowed to advertise cigarettes in this country. (It is illegal..) 7 My father has quit smoking at last. (It is wonderful.) s The night was dark and stormy when the old man started his journey. (It was a ..) o) You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. (It is likely .. O You have to take pills to control your blood pressure. (It is necessary .. 3 Role-play a dialogue. One of you is an eyewitness(E)who has seen a robbery or an accident. The other is the policeman/policewoman(P)who wants as much information as possible. Use"it"in the answers Brainstorm ideas for the eyewitness story and the policeman/policewoman's questions Practise your dialogue and then swap roles. Be prepared to do the role-play to the class EXAMPLE: P What was the weather like on the day of the accident? E: It was beginning to rain hand and the ground was slippery. P: How far could you see? E: It was impossible to see more than twenty yards ahead of you, so all the cars were travelling very slow/y P: What about Mr Lis car? Was it travelling slowly too? 21
arh lte Using Language Reading and discussing C 1 Before you read the poster below, discuss what you know about HIV/AIDS with your classmates. Make a list of words that you might come across in this poster HIVIAIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK? HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses. for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a persons immune system: that is. the part of the body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time. but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small. HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. For a person to become infected, blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection. One day scientists will find a cure for HIVIAIDS Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay sale. If you inject drugs: do not share your needle with anyone else. Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle. If a person has HIV and won use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your own blood do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs. Blood could hnave spill on it. If you have sex with a male or a female use a condom. This will prevent sexual /uid passing from one person to another The following statements are NOT true. A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has H/V, the other partner could become infected You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV. WRONG. Many people carrying H/v look perfectly healthy. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. Only homosexuals get AIDS. WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with H/V/AIDS risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men If you hug, touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid. Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice Many people are afraid that they will get H/V/AIDS from those infected with H/v/ AIDS. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick You can get HIVIAIDS from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no evidence of this 22
Unit 3 A healthy life 2 Decide which of these statements are true and which are false. Tick the correct boxes. For each false statement, write a true one. ruc aIse I You can only get HIV from injecting drugs 2 It is very likely that you will die if you get infected with HIV. 3 If you look healthy. you cannot have HIV. 4 It could be dangerous to have sex without a condom. 5 Taking food from the same dishes as someone infected with HIV will give you HIV too b If you have HiV, you will always get AIDS eventually. 3 Discuss these questions in small groups Before you read this text, what judgements did you make about people with HIVAIDS? 2 Has your attitude changed after reading this text? If so, how? If not, why not? 3 How would you behave in the future if you met a person with HIVIAIDS? Listening and speaking 1 Tina wants Sara to go to a disco with her, but Sara is nervous about going. Read the list below before listening and guess which things Sara is nervous about Then listen and tick Sara's concerns. ) AIDS ) drugs( )abortion( )smoking( ) alcohol )strangers( )money( )dancing( )orange juice( )cigar 2 Listen again and complete Tina's sentences I Just say"no.You 2 It's OK to i It would be a good idea to 4 If someone offers you a cigarette, s Well. I'Il Lets 3 Imagine you are going to a party where there are lots of people who are older than you In groups make up a list of rules that you can follow to make sure you behave appropriately. Read your group, s list to the class. The following expressions may help you. Dont You should(not) It would be a good idea to. Don't forget to… You don' t have to… t' s OK/all right to… It is not a good idea to… Mind your head/stepl Is it oK if I.? I wonder if I could smoke here. Would/Do you mind if I.?
Unit .A healthy life Writing Read this letter and imagine that you are the adviser who deals with students problems. Write a letter to give Xiaolei some helpful advice Can you help me please? My best friend has just started smoking. I do not like it and I told her what I thought. she laughed at me and said that I was not grown-up enough Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward. I did not know how to refuse it. Please help me. I do not want to start smoking, but I do not want to lose my best friend, either Yours sincerely, Li Xiaolei SUMMING UIP Think about whot you hove read ond practised in this unit. Then tick the boxes I have learned I need to this learn I have learned about smoking and how to stop it new vocabulary and expressions some of the uses of "it", including impersonal"it", and"it"used in the subject/object position AIDS ond how to keep myself safe from the virus HIv how to advise people about whot to do d whot not to do LEARNING TIP Some questions have only one correct answer (eg HIV is a virus. True or False?). These types of question are called closed questions. They test your understanding at a basic level They help you to review grammar and vocabulary and to check your comprehension of simple facts Other questions have more than one right answer, or do not have any wrong answers(eg Do you think the information in the reading passage is useful? Why? These are called open ended questions. They help you to think more deeply about what you have learned and to make personal judgements. They encourage discussion with other students and help you develop your English in new and challenging ways Both types of questions are useful. so you should take both kinds of sentences seriousl When answering open-ended questions, don' t worry about whether your answer is right or wrong. Every answer that has been well thought out is a correct answer. 24