第一章土的基本性质和工程分类 CHAPTER1 Basic Characteristics and Engineering classification of Soils 第一节土的形成 1.1 The formation of soils 土的搬运和沉积 The transportation and sedimentation of soil 土是岩石风化的产物 To the Civil Engineer soil is any uncemented or weakly cemented accumulation of mineral particles formed by the weathering of rock, the void space between the particles containing water and/or air
第一章 土的基本性质和工程分类 CHAPTER1 Basic Characteristics and Engineering Classification of Soils 第一节 土的形成 1.1 The Formation of soils 一、土的搬运和沉积 The Transportation and Sedimentation of soil 土是岩石风化的产物. To the Civil Engineer soil is any uncemented or weakly cemented accumulation of mineral particles formed by the weathering of rock, the void space between the particles containing water and/or air
In a brief, soil is the products of weathering rock 坡积土 洪积土 冲积土 运积士湖泊沼泽沉积土工程性质差 海相沉积土 冰积土 风积土 西北黄土 残积土 运积土: Transported soil 残积土: Residual soil
残积土 风积土 西北黄土 冰积土 海相沉积土 湖泊沼泽沉积土 工程性质差 冲积土 洪积土 坡积土 运积土 运积土: Transported soil 残积土: Residual soil 一、 In a brief , soil is the products of weathering rock
二、风化作用和土和主要特点 The weathering action and main nature of soils 土的特征: The characteristics of soils (1)碎散性: (2)三相体系 (3)自然变异性 性质复杂,不均匀,各向异性且随时间而在不断变 注:岩石三相体系:固体矿物、液体、气体
The weathering action and main nature of soils 土的特征： The characteristics of soils: （1）碎散性: （2）三相体系 （3）自然变异性 性质复杂，不均匀，各向异性且随时间而在不断变 化。 注：岩石三相体系：固体矿物、液体、气体 二、风化作用和土和主要特点
第二节土的三相组成 1.2 The Three-Phase Composition of SOUS 饱和土( saturated soil) 非饱和土( unsaturated soil 干土( dry soil) 固体颗粒( Solid particle 一)粒径级配 Particle size gradation/grading 粒径级配:粒径大小及其在土中所占的百分比 界限粒径一土性质改变的粒径尺寸 粒组—以界限粒径为依据,根据其大小分为若干组
第二节 土的三相组成 1.2 The Three-Phase Composition of soils ) ( ) ( ( ) dry soil unsaturated soil saturated soil 干土 非饱和土 饱和土 一、固体颗粒 (Solid Particle) 〈一〉粒径级配 (Particle size gradation/grading) 粒径级配 ：粒径大小及其在土中所占的百分比. 界限粒径—土性质改变的粒径尺寸 粒组—以界限粒径为依据，根据其大小分为若干组
2002020.050.005 分界粒径 漂石卵石园砾砂粒粉粒粘粒 块石碎石 粗粒土(无粘性土)砾石m)(粘聚大sm= 砂粒(wm) (coarse-gained Sols/none-cohesive so 细粒土(粘性土)(粉粒( silt particle ( fine-gained soils/!{粘粒( clay particle)(≠0) cohesive soil) 胶粒 1.粒径级配的分析方法 筛分试验 sieve analysis test
200 20 2 0.05 0.005 分界粒径 漂石 卵石 园砾 砂粒 粉粒 粘粒 块石 碎石 粗粒土（无粘性土） (coarse-gained soils/none-cohesive soil) 细粒土（粘性土） (fine-gained soils/ cohesive soil) ( c 0) ( ) ( ) = cohesion sand gravel 粘聚力 砂粒 砾石 ( ) 胶粒 粘粒 粉粒 ( ) 0 ( ) clay particle c silt particle 1.粒径级配的分析方法 筛分试验 sieve analysis test