Lesson 53Hot snake【Newwordsandexpressions】生同和短语（13）hotadj.带电的，充电的n.消防队员firemanv.引起；n原因causev.检查examineadv.意外地，偶然地accidentallyn.尸体，残骸remainsn.电线wirevoltn.伏特（电压单位）电力线powerlinev.解决solven.谜（无法接受地，解释不了的）mysteryV.抓住snatchn.电火花spark★hotadj.带电的，充电的hotadj.热的：新鲜的：棘手的：带电的，充电的hot-hot-hot麻辣烫：hot-wings辣鸡翅：hotdog热狗火暴（脾气)的（tempern脾气）hot-temperedhot line热线：hottopic热门话题热蛋糕hot cake表示一个东西的畅销，热销It sells like a hotcake/cakes.best seller畅销的东西hot potato棘手的问题最热点的新闻hot newsn.消防队员★firemann.消防栓，消防龙头hydrantfireextinguisher 灭火器(extinguishern.熄灭者，灭火器）灭火extinguish=putout★causev.&n引起；原因①v引起引起麻烦cause sth.粗心导致事故Carelessnesscausesaccidents.Pride causes failure.骄傲使人失败引起某人做某事，导致某人做某事cause sb.to do sth.Illness caused himto lose his temper.（loseonestemper发火）②n.原因，强调事情发生的直接原因(一个)因为because
Lesson 53 Hot snake 【New words and expressions】生词和短语（13） hot adj. 带电的，充电的 fireman n. 消防队员 cause v. 引起； n. 原因 examine v. 检查 accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地 remains n. 尸体，残骸 wire n. 电线 volt n. 伏特（电压单位） power line 电力线 solve v. 解决 mystery n. 谜（无法接受地, 解释不了的） snatch v. 抓住 spark n. 电火花 ★hot adj. 带电的, 充电的 hot adj. 热的；新鲜的；棘手的；带电的, 充电的 hot-hot-hot 麻辣烫；hot-wings 辣鸡翅；hot dog 热狗 hot-tempered 火暴(脾气)的 （temper n. 脾气） hot line 热线；hot topic 热门话题 hot cake 热蛋糕 It sells like a hot cake/cakes. 表示一个东西的畅销, 热销 best seller 畅销的东西 hot potato 棘手的问题 hot news 最热点的新闻 ★fireman n. 消防队员 hydrant n. 消防栓, 消防龙头 fire extinguisher 灭火器 （extinguisher n. 熄灭者, 灭火器） extinguish＝put out 灭火 ★cause v.& n. 引起；原因 ① v. 引起 cause sth. 引起麻烦 Carelessness causes accidents. 粗心导致事故 Pride causes failure. 骄傲使人失败 cause sb. to do sth. 引起某人做某事, 导致某人做某事 Illness caused him to lose his temper. (lose one’s temper 发火) ② n. 原因，强调事情发生的直接原因(一个) because 因为
理由，其他各种的理由（很多个）reasonv.检查★examineexamine the soilcheckv.核实，核对★accidentallyadv.意外地，偶然地（但更趋向于“偶然”的意思）accident->accidental->accidentallyn.事故accidentadv.出乎意料地（更趋向于“意外”的意思）unexpectedly★remainsn尸体，残骸remains指dead body★solvev.解决solve the mysterysolvetheproblem★snatchV.抓住catchV.抓，如抓鱼holdV.握着snatchv.(突然抓起来)强调动作的突然性seizev.抓住(用力)seizemyarm【Text]At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.Sincethen, they have been trying tofind out howthefirebegan.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedtheground carefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.Theywerealso quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discoveredthecause.Henoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,o00-voltpowerline. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery, The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird hadsnatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round thewires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.参考译文消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火，从那时起，他们一直试图找出起火的原因，森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起，昨天，消防队员仔细查看了地面，但未能发现碎玻璃，他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的，然而今天上午，一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因，他发现了缠绕在16，000伏高压线上的一条死蛇，就这样，他解开了起火之谜，解释很简单，却异乎寻常只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来，然后把它扔到了电线上，于是蛇就缠住了几根电线，当它这样做时，把火花
reason 理由，其他各种的理由(很多个) ★examine v. 检查 examine the soil check v. 核实, 核对 ★accidentally adv. 意外地, 偶然地 (但更趋向于 “偶然” 的意思) accident－>accidental－>accidentally accident n. 事故 unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地(更趋向于 “意外” 的意思) ★remains n. 尸体, 残骸 remains 指 dead body ★solve v. 解决 solve the mystery solve the problem ★snatch v. 抓住 catch v. 抓，如抓鱼 hold v. 握着 snatch v. (突然抓起来)强调动作的突然性 seize v. 抓住(用力) seize my arm 【Text】 At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire. 参考译文 消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火. 从那时起, 他们一直试图找出起火的原因. 森林 火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起. 昨天, 消防队员仔细查看了地面, 但未能发现碎玻 璃. 他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的. 然而今天上午, 一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因. 他 发现了缠绕在 16, 000 伏高压线上的一条死蛇. 就这样, 他解开了起火之谜. 解释很简单, 却异乎寻常. 一 只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来, 然后把它扔到了电线上. 于是蛇就缠住了几根电线. 当它这样做时, 把火花
送到了地面，这些火花立刻引起了一场大火【课文讲解】1、Hot snake触电的蛇hotsnake触电getaelectric shock2、Atlast firemen haveput out abigforest fire in California最后，终于atlastput out a fire扑灭火（put out扑灭，熄灭，关掉）Please put the light/fire out.afire一场(堆)火3,Since then,theyhavebeentryingto find out howthefirebegansincethen从那时起，到现在为止（经过研究、努力等）找出，发现，查出（这里findout的宾语是个从句）find outI'll tryand findoutthenameofthepersonwhosavedmylifeyesterday.4,Forest fires are often caused bybroken glass or by cigaretteends which people carelessly throw away.brokenglass被打碎的玻璃片烟头cigarette ends5, They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.beableto能够；benotableto没有能够对很有把握；quitesure相当的把握性be surethatratheradv.相当fairlyadv.相当，公正地，诚实地程度一个比一个轻quite(=completely)->rather->fairlyquite a few颇有几个(相当多的)（startvt使.发生，引起）starta fire=cause a fire6,This morning,however,afiremen accidentallydiscovered the cause偶然地accidentally =by chancediscover本身含有偶然发现（某个已经存在的东西）的含义I don'tknowwho discovered America.7Henoticed theremains ofa snakewhichwaswound round theelectricwires of a 16,o00-voltpower linenotice注意别人没注意的东西theremains表示“户体，残骸”，必须用复数形式：Thevillagersweresurprisedtoseetheremainsofanaeroplanenearthelake16,000-voltpowerline连字符“”一旦加在两个词之间，这个词之间就失去了加复数的资格
送到了地面, 这些火花立刻引起了一场大火. 【课文讲解】 1、Hot snake hot snake 触电的蛇 get a electric shock 触电 2、At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. at last 最后，终于 put out a fire 扑灭火（put out 扑灭，熄灭，关掉） Please put the light/fire out. a fire 一场(堆)火 3、Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. since then 从那时起，到现在为止 find out （经过研究、努力等）找出，发现，查出.（这里 find out 的宾语是个从句） I’ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday. 4、Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. broken glass 被打碎的玻璃片 cigarette ends 烟头 5、They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. be able to 能够 ；be not able to 没有能够 be sure that 对.很有把握；quite sure 相当的把握性 rather adv. 相当 fairly adv. 相当, 公正地, 诚实地 quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly 程度一个比一个轻 quite a few 颇有几个(相当多的) start a fire＝cause a fire （start vt. 使.发生，引起） 6、This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. accidentally =by chance 偶然地 discover 本身含有偶然发现（某个已经存在的东西）的含义 I don’t know who discovered America. 7、He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. notice 注意别人没注意的东西 the remains 表示“尸体，残骸”，必须用复数形式： The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake. 16,000-volt power line 连字符“-” 一旦加在两个词之间, 这个词之间就失去了加复数的资格
能够加连字符的概念一定是做定语★windvt.缠绕，卷在..上；盘旋，婉蜓①vt.缠绕，卷在上（常与around/round连用）Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree?②vt.婉蜓，盘旋婉蜓而行wind one's way8,Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemysteryin this way就这样9Abird hadsnatchedupthesnakefrom theground and thendropped it on tothewireshaddone先发生的事drop无意掉下去的10.When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire这么做dosoI refusetodoso.我拒绝这么做So常用于一些动词之后，代指前面提过的某个动作某件事，以免重复I think/believe so【Summary writing】1 Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not? Have they been trying to discover itscause?(Now that...)2Was there anyevidence that it was started by broken glass orby acigarette end or not?5 Where did the snake wind itself? What had it sent to the ground? Did this cause the fire or not?(lnwinding... and)1 Nowthat firemanhaveput outa bigforest fire in California,they havebeentrying todiscover itscausenowthat既然2evidencen证据区分同位语从句与定语从句地区别：如果that做了主语或者宾语，是定语从句：如果that既不作主语也不作宾语，是同位语从句fact，evidence的后面往往是加同为语从句5 (In) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire介词“in”“on”放在动词“-ing”前面的理解方式和没有“in”“on”的理解方式一样【Key structures]一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时一般过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语连用，现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时不需要时间状语，而现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时与all+表示时间的名词连用。现在完成时与一般过去时中既可以用状态动词（表示存在、拥有、感情、思想、需求等的动词）也可以用行为动词，现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词连用
能够加连字符的概念一定是做定语 ★wind vt. 缠绕，卷在.上；盘旋，蜿蜒 ① vt. 缠绕，卷在.上（常与 around/round 连用） Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree? ② vt. 蜿蜒，盘旋 wind one's way 蜿蜒而行 8、In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. in this way 就这样 9、A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. had done 先发生的事 drop 无意掉下去的 10、When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire. do so 这么做 I refuse to do so. 我拒绝这么做 so 常用于一些动词之后，代指前面提过的某个动作/某件事，以免重复 I think/believe so. 【Summary writing】 1 Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not? Have they been trying to discover its cause?(Now that .) 2 Was there any evidence that it was started by broken glass or by a cigarette end or not? 5 Where did the snake wind itself? What had it sent to the ground? Did this cause the fire or not?(In winding. and) 1 Now that fireman have put out a big forest fire in California ,they have been trying to discover its cause. now that 既然 2 evidence n. 证据 区分同位语从句与定语从句地区别：如果 that 做了主语或者宾语, 是定语从句；如果 that 既不作主语 也不作宾语, 是同位语从句 fact , evidence 的后面往往是加同为语从句 5 (In) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire. 介词“in”“on”放在动词“-ing”前面的理解方式和没有“in”“on”的理解方式一样 【Key structures】 一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时 一般过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语连用，现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用， 有时不需要时间状语，而现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时与 all+表示时间的名词 连用。现在完成时与一般过去时中既可以用状态动词（表示存在、拥有、感情、思想、需求等的动词）也 可以用行为动词，现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词连用
【SpecialDifficulties】Throw to, Throw at and Throw awaythrow作及物动词主要含义为“投，掷，抛，扔”扔给（某人）throw to (sb.)He threw the ball to me and I caught it.throwat对准某一目标扔Theboythrewa stoneatthewindowandbroke it扔掉，丢弃throwawayMany people throw awaycigarette ends carelessly.Cause and Reasoncause①n.原因，起因；Do you know the cause of the war?What was the cause of the delay?②.使产生发生，引起cause sth.导致，引起What caused the accident?cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事reason①n.理由，原因GivemeyourreasonsforgoingthereWhat was the reason for thedelay?作“原因”讲时，reason与cause可以互换，但reason与介词for连用；而cause则与介词of连用。reason后面通常跟why引导的从句：That was the reason why the meeting was put off.②v.推理，劝导，说服reason withsb.劝说(以道理)How can you reason with him when he is so worried?Drop and Falldropvi.&vt（使）掉下，（使）落下，放下（强调的是不小心掉下来）Ashewalkedpastthetree,anappledroppedfrom it.The waiter dropped a fork.fallvi落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒（强调的是掉下来的概念，动作）I fell and hurt myself.Whenleavesfall inautumn,I'llcomeback【Multiple choice questions]6He was abletosolve themystery.Hea.could ifhewantedtob.could but he didn't want toc.succeeded in solving itd. didn't succeed in solving itbeableto=can,succeed indoing
【Special Difficulties】 Throw to，Throw at and Throw away throw 作及物动词主要含义为“投，掷，抛，扔”。 throw to (sb.) 扔给（某人） He threw the ball to me and I caught it. throw at 对准某一目标扔 The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it. throw away 扔掉，丢弃 Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly. Cause and Reason cause ① n. 原因，起因； Do you know the cause of the war? What was the cause of the delay? ② v. 使.产生/发生，引起 cause sth. 导致, 引起 What caused the accident? cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 reason ① n. 理由，原因 Give me your reasons for going there. What was the reason for the delay? 作“原因”讲时，reason 与 cause 可以互换，但 reason 与介词 for 连用；而 cause 则与介词 of 连用。 reason 后面通常跟 why 引导的从句： That was the reason why the meeting was put off. ② v. 推理，劝导，说服 reason with sb. 劝说(以道理) How can you reason with him when he is so worried? Drop and Fall drop vi.&vt. （使）掉下，（使）落下，放下（强调的是不小心掉下来） As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it. The waiter dropped a fork. fall vi. 落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒（强调的是掉下来的概念, 动作） I fell and hurt myself. When leaves fall in autumn, I’ll come back. 【Multiple choice questions】 6 He was able to solve the mystery. He _c_. a.could if he wanted to b.could but he didn't want to c.succeeded in solving it d. didn't succeed in solving it be able to＝can, succeed in doing