Lesson 64The Channel Tunnel【Newwordsandexpressions】生同和短语（13）n.隧道tunneln.港口portv.通风ventilatechimneyn.烟肉海平面sea leveladj.双的doublen.通风ventilationv.害怕fearn.入侵，侵略invasionadv.正式地officiallyV.连接connectadj.欧洲的Europeann.大陆continentn.隧道★tunnelchanneln.海峡（TheChannel英吉利海峡）v.通风★ventilaten.通风ventilation强制排风系统ForcedVentilation(forced被迫的，强迫的，动用武力的）adj.v.通风air给房间通通风Air the room,please!adj.双的★double字母W的读音就是“doubleu"，意为两个u构成w，两个couple,paira couple ofweeksapairofshoes/socks/glasses一副眼镜★fearv.害怕①vt.害怕，畏惧害怕做…sb.fear doing sth.She fears speaking in public.害怕sb. fear sth.Ifeared darkness.beafraid of害Iam afraid of dogs.人做主语be afraid of/fear
Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel 【New words and expressions】生词和短语（13） tunnel n. 隧道 port n. 港口 ventilate v. 通风 chimney n. 烟囱 sea level 海平面 double adj. 双的 ventilation n. 通风 fear v. 害怕 invasion n. 入侵，侵略 officially adv. 正式地 connect v. 连接 European adj. 欧洲的 continent n. 大陆 ★tunnel n. 隧道 channel n. 海峡 （The Channel 英吉利海峡） ★ventilate v. 通风 ventilation n. 通风 Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统 （forced adj. 被迫的，强迫的，动用武力的） air v. 通风 Air the room, please! 给房间通通风 ★double adj. 双的 字母 W 的读音就是“double u”，意为两个 u 构成 w . couple，pair 两个 a couple of weeks a pair of shoes/socks/glasses 一副眼镜 ★fear v. 害怕 ① vt. 害怕，畏惧 sb. fear doing sth. 害怕做. She fears speaking in public. sb. fear sth. 害怕. I feared darkness. be afraid of 害怕. I am afraid of dogs. be afraid of / fear 人做主语
②vt.恐怕，猜想（比beafraid要正式）恐怕fear that...Wefear/ltisfeared/We'reafraidthatmany liveshavebeenlost inthecrash恐怕（婉言谢绝）be afraid that...=I am sorry.Can you help me?Iamafraid I can't.=Iamafraid not.fright/frighten/frightening/frightened/frightful吓了跳sth. frighten sb. = sth. scare sb.Youfrightened/scaredmeThedoyfrightened mefrighten=scare是因某件突然的事情才让某人产生了害怕的情绪，句子后边的部分是人horrifyv.使恐怖，使极度厌恶，惊horrifiedadj.惊悸的，带有恐怖感的，惊骇的★invasionn.入侵，侵略invadevt.侵略，侵袭，拥挤★officiallyadv.正式地officialadj（官方的）正式formallyadv.（一般的）正式v.连接★connect把和连接connect sth.with/to...(A和B平等)connect Awith Bconnect A to B(A连到B上去）This road connects the village with/to London.adj.欧洲的★Europeann.大陆★continentEuropeanContinent欧洲大陆（不包括欧洲岛国）[Text]In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-miletunnel underthe English Channel. He said that it would bepossibleto build a platform in the centre of theChannel, This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tallchimneys were built above sea level.In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.Hesuggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a trainentered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, atthe time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.The world had to wait almost another100years for theChannel Tunnel.It wasofficiallyopened on March7,1994,finally connectingBritain to theEuropean continent
② vt. 恐怕，猜想（比 be afraid 要正式） fear that. 恐怕. We fear /It is feared/ We’re afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash. be afraid that. = I am sorry. 恐怕.（婉言谢绝） Can you help me? I am afraid I can't. = I am afraid not. fright / frighten / frightening / frightened / frightful sth. frighten sb. = sth. scare sb. .吓了.一跳 You frightened/scared me. The doy frightened me. frighten = scare 是因某件突然的事情才让某人产生了害怕的情绪，句子后边的部分是人 horrify v. 使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇 horrified adj. 惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的 ★invasion n. 入侵, 侵略 invade vt. 侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤 ★officially adv. 正式地 official adj. （官方的）正式 formally adv. （一般的）正式 ★connect v. 连接 connect sth. with/to. 把.和.连接 connect A with B (A 和 B 平等) connect A to B (A 连到 B 上去) This road connects the village with/to London. ★European adj. 欧洲的 ★continent n. 大陆 European Continent 欧洲大陆（不包括欧洲岛国） 【Text】 In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent
参考译文1858年，一位名叫埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海峡的隧道计划到了英国，他说，可以在隧道中央建造一座平台，这座平台将用作码头和火车站，如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟状通风管，隧道就具备了良好的通风条件.1860年，一位名叫威廉洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划，他提议建一条双轨隧道，这样就解决了通风问题，因为如果有一列火车开进隧道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道，42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了，如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了，世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道峻工，它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起【课文讲解】1,In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThome de Gamond, arrived inEngland with aplan for a twenty-one-miletunnel under the English Channel.planfor+名词/动名词的计划twenty-one-mile加连字符，用单数，作定语2、Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation起作用，用作，充当…serve as...=serve for...It will serve as a swimming pool.This sofa can serve as/for (a) bed.3、In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow提出（计划、建议等）put forward (plan/suggestion)You know they wouldn't accept your plan. Why did you put it forward?4、He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be builtsuggest①vt.暗示，用法与其他的词相同②vt.建议，用虚拟语气，后接动词是要用-ing形式，后接that从句采用一种固定的用法“should+动词原形”（should可省略）(that,should都可省略）I suggested (that) he (should)gohome.He suggested that I should go with him.他建议我一定要跟他去insist作“坚持”讲时用法同suggest他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭HeinsistedthatI should stayto lunch5、This would solvetheproblem of ventilation, forif a train entered this tunnel, itwould drawinfreshairbehind it.drawin吸进，如用bring没有drawin形象、贴切6,If, atthetime,theBritishhadnotfeared invasion, it would havebeen completed虚拟语气（非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时：与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，此时主句格式为wouldhavedone，would/could/should都可以情态动词加havedone表示对过去的推测，如musthavedone，can'thavedone等
参考译文 1858 年, 一位名叫埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长 21 英里、穿越英吉利海峡的隧 道计划到了英国. 他说, 可以在隧道中央建造一座平台, 这座平台将用作码头和火车站. 如果再建些伸出 海面的高大的烟囱状通风管, 隧道就具备了良好的通风条件. 1860 年, 一位名叫威廉·洛的英国人提出了一 项更好的计划. 他提议建一条双轨隧道, 这样就解决了通风问题. 因为如果有一列火车开进隧道, 它就把 新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道. 42年以后, 隧道实际已经开始建了. 如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵, 隧道早 已建成了. 世界不得不再等将近 100 年才看到海峡隧道竣工. 它于 1994 年 3 月 7 日正式开通, 将英国与欧 洲大陆连到了一起. 【课文讲解】 1、In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. plan for +名词/动名词 .的计划 twenty-one-mile 加连字符，用单数，作定语 2、This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. serve as. =serve for. 起.作用，用作.，充当. It will serve as a swimming pool. This sofa can serve as/for (a) bed. 3、In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. put forward (plan/suggestion) 提出（计划、建议等） You know they wouldn’t accept your plan. Why did you put it forward? 4、He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. suggest ① vt. 暗示，用法与其他的词相同 ② vt. 建议，用虚拟语气，后接动词是要用-ing 形式，后接 that 从句采用一种固定的用法“should+ 动词原形”（should 可省略） I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略) He suggested that I should go with him. 他建议我一定要跟他去. insist 作“坚持”讲时用法同 suggest He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭. 5、This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. draw in 吸进，如用 bring 没有 draw in 形象、贴切 6、If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. 虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成 时，此时主句格式为 would have done，would/could/should 都可以 情态动词加 have done 表示对过去的推测，如 must have done，can't have done 等
7、The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel.wait for sb.wait (for) some timesIhavewaitedfiveminutes.（for可不要）I havewaitedforyou (for)fiveminutesI have waited five years for you.【Summarywriting】]1 Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it be ventilated? (Thetunnel, which...)4 Did work begin forty-two years later or not?Why was it stopped? (Though...because)5When wastheChannel Tunnel officiallyopened?(However)1先行词，which：非限定性定语从句The tunnel, which a French engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated iftall chimmeys were builtabove sea level.4Though it was begun (work begin forty-two years later), it was stopped because..5However起了副词的作用,后面可以直接加一个句子【Composition]1TheEnglishChannel separatesBritainfromEurope.Thecountryhas notbeen invaded since1066.(Thanksto...which)2Modernwarfareisfarmorecomplex.Suchfearsnolongerexist(However,nowthat...)3 Britainbenefitsenormouslyfrom a ChannelTunnel.Europebenefits enormouslyfroma ChannelTunnel.(Both... and)1thanksto幸亏(to是介词)Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe, the...2nowthat即使：既然Howwever,nowthatmodenwarfareisfarmorecomplex,suchfearsnolongerexist即使现代战争越来越复杂了，然而这样的害怕都已经不存在了3BothBritainandEuropebenefit...（注意benefit不能加s)benefitn.利益，好处；vt.有益于，有助于：vi.受益[Keystructures]第3类条件句第3类条件句是在if从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果，谈的是没有或永远不可能有的结果，指的是过去没有过的事情。第3类条件句的基本结构是if从句用过去完成时，主句用wouldhave/shouldhave+过去分词：If it had rained, we would havestayedat home.IfI had worked harded at school,I'd havegot a better job.在if从句中可用couldhave+过去分词代替hadbeenableto+动词原形：I'd haveread that book if I could have bought it
7、The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. wait for sb. wait (for) some times I have waited five minutes. (for 可不要) I have waited for you (for) five minutes. I have waited five years for you. 【Summary writing】 1 Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it be ventilated? (The tunnel, which.) 4 Did work begin forty－two years later or not? Why was it stopped? (Though.because) 5 When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However) 1 先行词, which : 非限定性定语从句 The tunnel, which a French engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level. 4 Though it was begun (work begin forty-two years later), it was stopped because. 5 However 起了副词的作用,后面可以直接加一个句子 【Composition】 1 The English Channel separates Britain from Europe. The country has not been invaded since1066. (Thanks to.which) 2 Modern warfare is far more complex. Such fears no longer exist.(However, now that.) 3 Britain benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. Europe benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. (Both.and) 1 thanks to 幸亏(to 是介词) Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe, the. 2 now that 即使；既然 Howwever, now that moden warfare is far more complex ,such fears no longer exist. 即使现代战争越来越复杂了,然而这样的害怕都已经不存在了 3 Both Britain and Europe benefit. (注意 benefit 不能加 s) benefit n. 利益，好处；vt. 有益于，有助于；vi. 受益 【Key structures】 第 3 类条件句 第 3 类条件句是在 if 从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果，谈的是没有或永远不可 能有的结果，指的是过去没有过的事情。第 3 类条件句的基本结构是 if 从句用过去完成时，主句用 would have/ should have +过去分词： If it had rained, we would have stayed at home. If I had worked harded at school, I’d have got a better job. 在 if 从句中可用 could have +过去分词代替 had been able to +动词原形： I’d have read that book if I could have bought it
特殊结构：suggest/insist，后接that从句(should+动词原形）【Special difficulties]动词draw的一些短语vt拉，拖drawdrawin使…进入；吸入The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in.花的香味使我们走进了这家商店。drawback后退，后缩；收回，撤回You must finish the work by yourselves now.They have drawn back their people.你们得靠自已完成这项工作。他们已把他们的人员撤走了。停住，使………·停住；起草，制订，拟订drawupI waswaitingfor Jill infrontofashopwhen ataxidrewupbesidemeHave any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries?drawoff撤走，离开Thevillagershad todrawoffbecauseofthefloodWhen the others were talking loudly, he quickly drew off.【Multiple choicequestions]3It would be possible to builda platform.Aplatforma. could buildb.would be builtc. could be builtd. would buildcould可能：would表示将来要做9 Aplan was put forward by William Low. He.itab.intendedd.planneda.suggestedc.aimed at提出：intendtodosth打算做put forword目标是…；planv.计划aimatv.建议suggestsuggest + doing sth；suggestthat从句：suggest+名词或代词11 It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finallyHa.mixedb.joined togetherc.rejoinedd.combinedmixv.混合：joinv.连接(加入)），强调使成为其中一员v.再次加入；combineV.合并rejoin强调连接connect
特殊结构 : suggest/insist, 后接 that 从句(should+动词原形) 【Special difficulties】 动词 draw 的一些短语 draw vt. 拉，拖 draw in 使.进入；吸入 The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in. 花的香味使我们走进了这家商店。 draw back 后退，后缩；收回，撤回 You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people. 你们得靠自己完成这项工作。他们已把他们的人员撤走了。 draw up 停住，使.停住；起草，制订，拟订 I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me. Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries? draw off 撤走，离开 The villagers had to draw off because of the flood. When the others were talking loudly, he quickly drew off. 【Multiple choice questions】 3 It would be possible to build a platform. A platform _c_. a. could build b. would be built c. could be built d. would build could 可能 ；would 表示将来要做 9 A plan was put forward by William Low. He _a_it. a. suggested b. intended c. aimed at d. planned put forword 提出 ；intend to do sth. 打算做. aim at 目标是. ；plan v. 计划 suggest v. 建议 suggest + doing sth. ；suggest that 从句； suggest + 名词或代词 11 It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally _b_. a. mixed b. joined together c. rejoined d. combined mix v. 混合；join v. 连接(加入), 强调使成为其中一员 rejoin v. 再次加入；combine v. 合并 connect 强调连接