Bryan Zhang (a)I went to America last year. w The Titanic last year finally fin shed my h *(Ihave never been to America last year. 现在现在先时常和 T、cver等字一起使用，以下都是这类的例子： (1)I have already had dinner. (Ihave ever talked to before 6)H have never met your father 、世常宽我弄不清楚如何佳用的字， 一般说来，never有否定的意思，cvcr则只有在问句 1.自从1980年， 我来型套的信 小孩开始，他就是一个基督徒(Christian)。 我只你的备在这里。 &我配封给快，他都没有回。 10自从1975年以来，他一直是一位老师 生都爱你的 将以下句子译成英文，有的用一般过去时，有的用现在现在完成时 (Gone with the Wind 去年 我住在美国 4 从年我一直住在美国。 6他已经完成个报 我昨天可 了报 等在台中 11 become)a Christian when I was a child. 11
Bryan Zhang 11 在完成时〞。比方说，〝我曾经看过「铁达尼号」〞，可以用现在现在完成时，因为这句话没有指明任何 特定的时间，假如说，〝我昨天晚上去看「铁达尼号」〞，就一定用一般过去时，读者不妨看看以下的比 较： （a）I went to America last year. I have been to America. （b）I saw The Titanic last year. I have seen The Titanic twice. （c）I finished my homework late last night. I have finally finished my homework. （d）I studied English when I was a small child. I have studied English since I was a child. （e）I went to church yesterday. I have never been to church. 以下的句子是错的，请特别注意： ＊（1）I have seen the movie last year. ＊（2）I have never been to America last year. ＊（3）He has never finished his work last night. 现在现在完成时常和 since、for、already、never、ever 等字一起使用，以下都是这类的例子： （1）I have already had dinner. （2）Since this summer began, we have already had two storms. （3）It has not rained for a long time. （4）I have never talked to this man before. （5）I have never met your father. （6）Have you ever been to America? （7）He has already won three awards. （8）I have stayed here since June. Never 和 ever 也常是我们弄不清楚如何使用的字，一般说来， never 有否定的意思，ever 则只有在问句 中才会出现。 【练习十一】 将以下句子译成英文，全部用现在现在完成时： 1.自从 1980 年，我就每天早上游泳。 2.我已收到了你的信。 3.我从未去过美国。 4.从他是一个小孩开始，他就是一个基督徒（Christian）。 5.我见过你的祖父。 6.你的弟弟一直住在这里。 7.他学钢琴已经很久了。 8.我已写了三封信给他，他都没有回。 9.过去三年我都在开这部车。 10.自从 1975 年以来，他一直是一位老师。 11.他教英文很久了。 12.我曾经看过乱世佳人（Gone with the Wind）。 13.我已吃过饭了。 14.今年我去过海滩三次。 15.我终其一生都爱你的。 【练习十二】 将以下句子译成英文，有的用一般过去时，有的用现在现在完成时 1.昨天我去看〝乱世佳人〞（Gone with the Wind）。 2.我从未看过〝乱世佳人〞。 3.去年，我住在美国。 4.自从 1985 年，我就一直住在美国。 5.他从未去过英国。 6.他已经完成了报告。 7.我昨天晚上完成了报告。 8.昨夜，我见到了你的父亲。 9.我已经见过你的父亲好几次了。 10.我终生都住在台中。 【练习十三】 填充 1. I （become） a Christian when I was a child
Bryan Zhang (be)a Christian all my life. op eating now. (eat)too much rain) last night. (see) (talk)to my father last night ince 1961 10. read)man Dickens (be)a student 4S2现在完成进行式(Present Perfeet Progressive Tense). 在上一节，我们知道，如果有一个行动，从过去发生后，就一直延续到现在，我们可以用现在完成时。举 例米说 74年， 我产 自从我 我就在这里工作 一新瑰误室我直在练习流冰顶而没有何断，我可以用现在定成进行式一 perfect progressive tense）。所谓现在完成进行式，形式如下： 及中在笑时和oe布是为了选金 成进行式 例于 0 a child since seven o'clock 最近一直在做傻事 It has been snowing since yesterday n他去年起，就一直在醋酒) 从我们 译成英文 在 2 从去年起，他就在念英文 从五时起，他就在做功课(do homework) 5.从三岁起，我就一直住在台中。 4S3过去完成时(Past Perfeet Progressive Tense) (1)他到台湾以前，曾学过中文。 He had worked befo o colles 经 bout Ireland's people 蝶盗胶文连鸭装生鞋头环在完时准一不何的电 Mon verb to have的地 ., k定要用had Ihad been workinghard in company for many years before I went toco
Bryan Zhang 12 2. I （be） a Christian all my life. 3. He （live） here since 1939. 4. Stop eating now. You （eat） too much. 5. It （rain） last night. 6. John is a writer. He （written） thirteen novels. 7. Last night, I （see） your father for the first time in my life. 8. I （talk） to my father last night. 9. Since 1961, I （be） a teacher. Before that, I （be） a student. 10. I （read） many novels written by Charles Dickens. 4§2 现在完成进行式（Present Perfect Progressive Tense） 在上一节，我们知道，如果有一个行动，从过去发生后，就一直延续到现在，我们可以用现在完成时。举 例来说，以下的例子都应该用现在完成时： （1） 自从 1974 年，我就在学校学英文。 Since 1974, I have studied English at school. （2） 自从我大学毕业以后，我就在这里工作。 Since I graduated from college, I have worked here. 以第一句话为例，假如我们要强调我一直在练习游泳，而且没有间断，我们可以用现在完成进行式（present perfect progressive tense）。所谓现在完成进行式，形式如下： verb to have + been + present participle verb to have 是为了现在完成时，been 和 present participle 都是为了进行式。 以下是现在完成进行式的例子： I have been studying English since 1974. I have been working here since I graduated from college. I have been living here since I was a child. He has been acting like a fool lately.（他最近一直在做傻事） They have been dancing since seven o’clock. It has been snowing since yesterday. I have been taking music lessons since last year. He has been drinking heavily since last year.（他去年起，就一直在酗酒） 【练习十四】 将以下的句子译成英文，全部用现在完成进行式： 1. 自从我们是小孩子起，我们就一直努力工作。 2. 从去年起，他就在念英文。 3. 从昨天起，就一直在下雨。 4. 从五时起，他就在做功课（do homework）。 5. 从三岁起，我就一直住在台中。 4§3 过去完成时（Past Perfect Progressive Tense） 过去完成时的形式如下： had + past participle 过去完成时是不能单独用的。我们用的时候，必须有另一个事件。也就是说，假如我们有两件事 A 和 B， 两件事都发生在过去，但 A 发生在 B 以前，A 应该用过去完成时，B 则用一般过去时。以下是几个例 子： （1） 他到台湾以前，曾学过中文。 He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan. （2） 他念大学以前，曾前工作过。 He had worked before he decided to go to college. （3） 我写这篇有关爱尔兰的小说以前，曾去过爱尔兰。 I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people. （4） 我在上大学以前，已经学过微积分。 I had studied calculus before I got into college. （5） 周一以前，已经下过雪了。 It had already snowed before Monday. 如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，我们可以用过去完成时。过去完成时和现在完成时惟一不同的地 方是 verb to have 的地方一定要用 had 。以下是一些过去完成进行式的例子： 1. I had been watching TV before you called me. 2. I had been working hard in a company for many years before I went to college
Bryan Zhang 【练习十五】 我十四岁 子译成英文怎 2我1974年以前，曾去过关国的 2他从前是个好孩子 3他们都喜欢打篮球。 (break out)以前，他曾是个音乐家(musician)。 我是一-个不人 练上】 将正确的动词填入以下各句的空白：（有的地方可能有多种答案） but now he does not 31 (be When her (watch)TV 8.He (see)your fath Isaw you. 9.He go)to church every Sunday be)a col ay yesterday (eat)too much.m full now 14.You 15.He (he)a teacher since 1980 (be)good to eat vegetables every day 18.She (hope)to succeed in the entrance examination this
Bryan Zhang 13 3. He had been studying before he went to class. 4. He had been driving all day before he went to sleep. 【练习十五】 将以下中文句子译成英文，每一句都要用一般过去时和过去现在完成时： 1.我十四岁以前，就曾见过你的母亲。 2.我 1974 年以前，曾去过美国。 3.六年前，他曾念过圣经（the Bible）。 4.我念大学以前，曾经是个工程师（engineer）。 5.你来以前，我曾打电话给你。 6.在我昨天晚上吃饭以前，曾和李先生见过面。 7.在他辞职（resign）以前，他是个好校长（president）。 8.在他去世（die），他是个好医生。 9.在他到教堂以前，他一直在练习唱歌。 10.在今天早上八时以前，天一直在下雨。 【练习十六】 将以下的中文句子译成英文，选适宜的时态。 1.他昨天去看你的时候，你在唱歌。 2.他从前是个好孩子。 3.他们都喜欢打篮球。 4.我们正在看电视。 5.你在台湾住了很久了。 6.我已经看完了这本书。 7.他们一直都住在这里。 8.我来以前，曾去过教堂。 9.他喜欢看日出。 10.他喜欢游泳。 11.他自从六岁起，就一直在学钢琴（piano）。 12.他过去是个强壮的孩子。 13.在他生病以前，他曾是个非常健康（healthy）的人。 14.当火车进站时，人们在跳舞。 15.在战争爆发（break out）以前，他曾是个音乐家（musician）。 16.我曾见过你。 17.我去年见过你。 18.我已经将信写好了。 19.自从 1974 年以来，我就是一个军人（soldier）。 20.我读了很多英文书。 【练习十七】 将正确的动词填入以下各句的空白：（有的地方可能有多种答案） 1. He (love) his country. 2. He (love) his country, but now he does not. 3. I (be) a teacher since 1975. 4. I (be) a teacher before I went to college. 5. I (read) Shakespeare ever since I was a little girl. 6. When I went to see her yesterday, she (watch) TV. 7. I (see) your father before I saw you. 8. He (read) many detective stories. 9. He (go) to church every Sunday. 10. It (be) a cold day yesterday. 11. It (rain) for the last two days. 12. I (eat) too much. I am full now. 13. You (be) a nurse before the war broke out. 14. I (have) never (see) you in my life. 15. He (be) a teacher since 1980. 16. It (be) good to eat vegetables every day. 17. It (be) so nice to meet you last night. 18. She (be) such a nice girl before she died. 19. Peter (go) to America many times. 20. He (work) hard since last year. He (hope) to succeed in the college entrance examination this time
Bryan Zhang 第五章一般将来时 5S1一般将来时的基本规则 来然我们在句子中，有要提到未来的事情。就可心以用一般将来时。举例来说。以下的向子每用一将 果用邮，我用心a巾o beno',如果我们此，做.以上的三个句子犹变成了 下的可 o to America tomorrow 1 Iwill call you tonight tocalyou tonigh He is going to graduate next June. soon He is going to help you The war is going to break out soon 6.It will rain tonight 有5界爱如必须注就是w是一个助动词，一般现在时第三人称单数的主语，仍不用在w后面加s 图务的式面来装用叶中这的也乳用灯 1.*He wills go to school goes to schoo 的滑下是典型的例子 1.When you come tomorrow,I will already be in Taipe 4.After the war is over,every one will be happ I will go to a concert after my classes are over 4Py 练+】 我明天要上 句子翻成英文句子，用will或to be going to: goto church) 天要整理这个房间(clean thisoom)。 4. 我明天吃晚饭后要去台 就打电话给你。 天你走以后，我要看电视 明天我会去台南。 【练习十九】
Bryan Zhang 14 第五章 一般将来时 5§1 一般将来时的基本规则 如果我们在句子中，有需要提到未来的事情，就可以使用一般将来时，举例来说，以下的句子都用一般将 来时。 I will go to America tomorrow. He will dance tonight. Peter will finish his work next month. 如果不用〝will〞，我们可以用〝verb to be +going to+ verb〞，如果我们如此做，以上的三个句子就变成了 以下的句子 I am going to go to America tomorrow. He is going to dance tonight. Peter is going to finish his work next month. 以下是一些一般将来时的例子： 1. I will call you tonight. I am going to call you tonight. 2. He will graduate next June. He is going to graduate next June. 3. Mr. Lee will teach us English soon. Mr. Lee is going to teach us English soon. 4. He will help you. He is going to help you. 5. The war will break out soon. The war is going to break out soon. 6. It will rain tonight. It is going to rain tonight. 有一个规则必须注意，就是 will 是一个助动词，一般现在时第三人称单数的主语，仍不用在 will 后面加 s。 不仅如此，will 后面的动词必须用成原式，如果用 verb to be +going to+ verb 这里面的 verb 也必须用原式。 因为这里面的 to 式 infinitive，infinitive 里面永远要用原型动词。 以下例子都是错的 1.＊He wills go to school. 2.＊He will goes to school. 3.＊They will went to work tomorrow. 4.＊Tom is going to saw me tonight. 5.＊Peter is going to working next month. 一般将来时常和别的句子用在一起，以下是典型的例子 1. When you come tomorrow, I will already be in Taipei. 2. After I graduate, I am going to be a good doctor in Africa. 3. Before I leave tomorrow, I will finish my work. 4. After the war is over, every one will be happy. 5. I will go to a concert after my classes are over. 6. I will eat lunch as soon as I have time. 但千万不可写出以下错误的句子： ＊When you will come tomorrow, I will already be in Taipei. ＊After the war will be over, every one will be happy. ＊I will eat lunch as soon as I will have time. 【练习十八】 将以下的中文句子翻成英文句子，用 will 或 to be going to： 1. 我明天要上教堂（go to church）。 2. 他下周一要和我见面。 3. 他明天要整理这个房间（clean this room）。 4. 我明天吃晚饭后要去台北。 5. 我明天晚上回家以后，就打电话给你。 6. 我毕业以后会去念法律。 7. 明天你走以后，我要看电视.。 8. 明天我会去台南。 9. 今天晚上我要写一封信给你。 10. 今晚，我要等我的哥哥。 【练习十九】
Bryan Zhang 填充 (he)in Am ica next (see)you tonight. When you you you When (et)job (for you 11. (find)a better one. 592 一般将来时的变形 一般将来时可以和进行时合起来用，以下是将来进行时的例子 He will be souof the hospita I will be studying mathematics at home when you come. T工哥和现在 起用，而成为将来完成时，这种句子都是在于强调未来要完成的事 举例来说，”我明天六点以前，我会完成这工作了 ,就可以用将来完成时： 以下是a By the time he the stati on,the train will have left He will have writtemeetings before six o'clock tonight. We wi He (play)t n my mother comes o'loctonigh He (be)the president for three years next May .0 Peter (dance)in the streets if Mr.Robertson is elected president. 练习 (rive)four hundred miles tomorrow 将以 生狗察备从小就喜欢音乐，自从19万年起，他就一直在练习小提琴。现在他是一个根好的 我的哥明天会来看我，他水的时候，我会在客里香电视：我喜欢看有关医院的节目： 我小的时 电 我的母三 因为我 在我去美国以前，我曾经去过英国，当我在英国的时候，我碰见 生不关的女孩子，他后来成为我的 练习二十二】 填布 He (watching)TV now.I (have) efore we arrive (be)agood meal.He seldom (eat)so much He (work)on this novel for a very long time.By the time he (finish)it,he (written)six (be)to America several times I (go)to America again next year (live)in Taipei when I was a child.When I was six years old,I (move)to Taiwan He son all his life.That is why s many people (like)him. 15
Bryan Zhang 15 填充： 1. I (be) in America next year, after I (graduate). 2. I (explain) this to you tonight after I (read) the report. 3. I (see) you tonight. 4. As soon as you (come) to see me, I (give) you my book. 5. When you (arrive) in New York tomorrow, Tom (be) in the airport to meet you. 6. I (go) to church after the rain stops. 7. I (watch) the new TV program after you (leave). 8. When you (get) here tomorrow, everyone (wait) for you. 9. I (get) a job as soon as I get out of college. 10. He_ (have) dinner very late tomorrow. 11. I_ (quit) my present job, after I_ (find) a better one. 5§2 一般将来时的变形 一般将来时可以和进行时合起来用，以下是将来进行时的例子 I will be watching TV tomorrow at eight. He will be eating a big dinner after he gets out of the hospital. I will be studying mathematics at home when you come. Two days later, I will be driving a new car. 一般将来时可以和现在完成时合在一起用，而成为将来完成时，这种句子都是在于强调未来要完成的事。 举例来说，”我明天六点以前，我会完成这工作了”，就可以用将来完成时： I will have finished this work by six o’clock tomorrow. 以下是一些未来现在完成时的例子 By the time he arrives at the station, the train will have left. We will have had three meetings before six o’clock tonight. He will have written six novels next summer. 【练习二十】 填充：（用将来进行时或将来完成时） 1. I (watch) the baseball game tomorrow night. 2. He (finish) the report when you arrive at his home. 3. I (wash) my car tonight when my mother comes. 4. They (play) their violins when the clock strikes twelve. 5. He (complete) writing this program before ten o’clock tonight. 6. He (be) the president for three years next May. 7. I (wash) my car when you come tonight. 8. I (read) this report before six o’clock tomorrow evening. 9. Peter (dance) in the streets if Mr. Robertson is elected president. 10. I (drive) four hundred miles tomorrow. 【练习二十一】 将以下中文句子译成英文 1. 彼得生于 1965 年，他从小就喜欢音乐，自从 1975 年起，他就一直在练习小提琴。现在他是一个很好的 小提琴家。 2. 我的哥哥明天会来看我，他来的时候，我会在家里看电视。我喜欢看有关医院的节目。 3. 在我小的时候我常常喜欢打篮球，现在我不打篮球了，因为我曾有一次车祸（car accident）。 4. 我现在在打电话给我的母亲，我的母亲现在 88 岁，他在台北已经住了 60 年。 5. 在我去美国以前，我曾经去过英国，当我在英国的时候，我碰见了一个美丽的女孩子，他后来成为我的 太太。 【练习二十二】 填充 1. I (watching) TV now. I (watch) TV every day. 2. He (have) a big dinner before we arrived last night. It (be) a good meal. He seldom (eat) so much. 3. He (work) on this novel for a very long time. By the time he (finish) it, he (written) six novels. 4. I (be) to America several times. I (go) to America again next year. 5. I (live) in Taipei when I was a child. When I was six years old, I (move) to Taiwan and (live) there ever since. 6. He (be) an honest person all his life. That is why so many people (like) him