General Linguistics Semantics:Introduction 楚军外国语学院
Semantics: Introduction 楚军 外国语学院 General Linguistics
Defining several terms Semantics: --the study of meaning, esp.the study of meaning of the natural language, involving the study of lexical meaning, sentence-meaning (context-independent). utterance-meaning (context-dependent)
Defining several terms Semantics: --the study of meaning, esp. the study of meaning of the natural language, involving the study of lexical meaning, sentence-meaning (context-independent), utterance-meaning (context-dependent)
Defining several terms Denotation(指示意义)： --a relation primarily or basically between expressions and physical entities in the external world. --relating expressions to classes of entities in the world ('dog'). --a word-to-world relation --invariant,utterance-independent
Defining several terms Denotation (指示意义): --a relation primarily or basically between expressions and physical entities in the external world. --relating expressions to classes of entities in the world (‘dog’). --a word-to-world relation --invariant, utterance-independent
Defining several terms Reference(所指意义)： --a relation between words and the things,events, actions and qualities the words stand for. --variable and utterance-dependent (the dog,my dog,the dog biting the postman) Sense(关系意义)： --the set or network of sense-relations between one expression and others of the same language --a word-to-word relation, --interlexical and intralingual,wholly internal to the language system
Defining several terms Reference (所指意义): --a relation between words and the things, events, actions and qualities the words stand for. --variable and utterance-dependent (the dog, my dog, the dog biting the postman) Sense (关系意义): --the set or network of sense-relations between one expression and others of the same language. --a word-to-word relation, --interlexical and intralingual, wholly internal to the language system
Defining several terms Sense and denotation are not only interdependent, they are inversely related to one another: the larger the denotation,the smaller the sense, and conversely. Extension(外延)：relating to the class of entities it defines. Intension(内i☒)：relating to the set of attributes or defining property of the class
Defining several terms • Sense and denotation are not only interdependent, they are inversely related to one another: the larger the denotation, the smaller the sense, and conversely. Extension (外延): relating to the class of entities it defines. Intension (内涵): relating to the set of attributes or defining property of the class