3 In pairs look at these problems. choose one and use the scientific stages to design a new invention to solve it. Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn ' t work the first time If you want, you can choose your own problem for No 4 Problem 1: The ripe apples on your apple Problem 2. You need to make a house but tree are too high for you to reach. what can you only have strings, glue, fishing nets and you invent to pick the apples in comfort many plastic bottles. How can you solve it? Problem 3: You want to catch fish but not Problem hurt them when you do so. Design a fishing rod that will solve this problem Exchange your ideas with another pair and evaluate each other's ideas Finally after more changes be prepared to report your ideas to the class. 4 Now pretend you are a patent officer and it is your job to decide whether an application should be considered valid or not. Look at these inventions. Do you think they should get patents? Give your reasons I Healthier meat: In Japan scientists have managed to produce pigs that have a plant gene inserted into their DNA. This means the fat in the meat is better for human health. Should this method of inserting plant genes in animals be given a patent? 2 Helpful rats: The"future rats"will be trained using a new computer program to clear landmines or join in the rescue of people after earthquakes or hurricanes. Do you think this training should get a patent? 3 Mapping the stars: Scientists have found a new star system that is millions of light years away. This information is very important to astronomers. Do you think this should be given a patent? 4 A trap for insects: You and your friends have invented a new way to prevent insects coming into the house without hurting them. They cannot enter the house and will be caught ready to be taken back to the wild. Do you think this should be given a patent? 5 New book: I have written a new book and my publisher says it will be a best seller. Do you think it can be given a patent? 22
nit 3 inventors and inventions Learning about Language Discovering useful words and expressions 1 In groups make word pairs with the same suffix. Add more of your own EXAMPLE: n.-adj convenience convenient; independence independent cubic. mercy stain caution pe produce identify 3 adj strengthen ng freezing 2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning. Rewrite the sentence when necessary. I The greengrocer at the corner is probably the easiest and nearest to reach If you want to apply for a credit card, you must provide officially acceptable identification You need to approach that animal with great care as it may bite 4 She accepts everything during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all. 5 I found his phone number in the directory and tried to telephone him last night, but there was no reply. Later I found I dialed the wrong number 6 I don, t think of my hometown very much, only sometimes 7 Luckily the rainfall stopped suddenly before I left. 8 In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty 3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words or phrase below file abruptly valia product seize perfume criterion Set about When I first applied for a patent I was very puzzled by the I had produced a new type of lily. I was amazed when my application was refused. The patent officer dealing with my explained to me that a new plant variety is not a Invention as it is a result of adjusting growth scientifically. However, she suggested that I should produce a from my new lily. with her encouragement, I decided to the opportunity to make a real invention, so I my studies on developing my for which I hope I will succeed in applying for a patent 4 Look at these pictures Describe them to your partner using the words in the box merrily glue courtyard ladder walnut ripe bamboo stick L 23
Discovering useful structures 1 Find and underline the sentences in the reading passage containing the past participle used as the attribute. Note its position -either before or after the noun EXAMPLE:. but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes 2 Complete the following sentences by using the past participle of suitable verbs understand beat disappoint please sign embarrass I We need another copy of the agreement 2 He seemed by the failure of his patent 3 She tried to make herself while giving her talk I was to see our team by a weaker team s My mother appeared with the lanterns she had made 3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words below welcome develop design improve reject test adopt If you want to be an inventor, you must have a plan to solve a particular problem. This is not as easy as it sounds. Many ideas after weeks of research, may not prove successful. Many unsuccessful approaches are and only the most creative and successful ones are Each idea by you will need to be until It leads you closer to a new invention. Once this hard work has been completed and the patent committee has approved your design. you will find your new invention on all sides 4 Complete the sentences with objects from the left box and the past participle form of the verbs in the right box myself her paintings my time your bedroom burn tidy perform throw the play the car sausage some guests take display invite start I We saw on Tv yesterday 2 He left the car lights on overnight and in the morning she couldn t get 3 Catherine wants In the gallery. 4 Youd better have before I get home from work. It's in a mess s I felt forward when the bus stopped 6 I won t have with useless discussion 7 I cannot bear the smell of on the barbecue s The host found to the party were late because of traffic jams 5 Where would you like to live when you grow up? In pairs make a list of places and prepare to describe them to your partner using the past participle as the attribute, predicative or object complement EXAMPLE: /would like to live in a well-designed house surrounded by trees 24
Unit 3 inventors and inventions Using Language Readin ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland, but when he was young his family moved to Boston, USA. His mother was almost entirely deaf, so Alexander became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education. This interest led him to invent the microphone. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother's forehead, he could make his mother understand what he was saying He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous lyIng was Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, g really big discoveries are the result of thought. ccupy your min you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention-the telephone in 1876. Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code(a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order). But only one message could go at a time. Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time. He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time. But he found the problem difficult to solve. One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man s ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration. If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire In searching to improve the telegraph Bell had invented the first telephone! Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father: The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas-and friends will talk to each other without leaving home. The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. The words have now become famous: Mr Watson-come here-I want to see you Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention. He experimented with helicopter designs and flying machines. While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape. Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges
Unit oir Bell was an inventor all his life. He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy- five, Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life Read the passage and answer the questions below. What does Bells saying mean to you? 2 What do you think led to his success as an inventor of the telephone? 3 What inventions did Bell make? 4 Why will he always be known as the inventor of the telephone? Listening and speaking Zhou Rui has decided to do a project on a living British inventor called James Dyson So he telephoned Dyson's company in England to interview one of its engineers about the great mans ideas 1 Before listening, choose a machine you use every day and think about what you would do to improve it Would you change the shape the size or the motor? Discuss with your partner and be prepared to tell the class 2 Listen to the tape and tick the words you hear. washing machine drum refrigerator bicycle carpet cleaner court 3 Listen again and make notes on James Dysons invention. Oblect shing machine You want to apply for a job in James Dyson s company. So you ring up one of his engineers to ask what kind of person he needs Remember to ask for as much information as you can. Here are some phrases that may be useful for you to make a telephone call Which extension. Please? an I speak to… please Hold the line, please Hang on, please Just a moment, please. I'm sorry, but this phone is out of order I can't get through Sorry. He/she isn't here right now. Can I ring back later? rl ring him/her up again I must ring off now because. 26