o B) Stylistic analysis: 1. Periodicity As revealed in the grammatical analysis the selection consists of only a single simple sentence and it is a periodic sentene sound exotic to the Chinese ear with so many names o election beginning with a prepositional phrase. In addition the se international organizations. 2. Structural complication The selection is structurally complicated with the two coordinate prepositional phrases at the end of the sentence, and it is structurally formal for its structural complication, grammatical completeness and freedom from any colloquial structures
• B) Stylistic analysis: • 1. Periodicity ： • As revealed in the grammatical analysis, the selection consists of only a single simple sentence and it is a periodic sentence, beginning with a prepositional phrase. In addition, the selection sound exotic to the Chinese ear with so many names of international organizations. • 2. Structural complication： • The selection is structurally complicated with the two coordinate prepositional phrases at the end of the sentence, and it is structurally formal for its structural complication, grammatical completeness and freedom from any colloquial structures
3 Parallel structure In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, with .. as well as with,, the Group of 7 major industrialized countries and the non allied movement the organization of American States, the Organization of African Unity the Association of South-East Asian Nations, European Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the rio Group, and regional and subregional
• 3. Parallel structure： • In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, with …, as well as with…; the Group of 7 major industrialized countries and the Non-Allied Movement; the Organization of American States, the Organization of African Unity, the Association of South-East Asian Nations, European Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Rio Group; and regional and subregional
U4 Lexical cohesive device Examples could be found as follows: the pattern .. discussed with and with.. is used to reinforce the coherence and unity as well the po ive pronoun their is used to refer to Group of 7 major industrialized countries and the Non-Allied Movement names of international organizations are listed one after another subregional and regional are used as partial repetitions and so on 5. Lexical formality The selection is characterized by the frequent employment of such formal words, including nominalizations as matter, discuss, major, industrialize, summit, movement, organization association commonwealth independent and others
• 4. Lexical cohesive device： • Examples could be found as follows: the pattern … discussed with … and with …is used to reinforce the coherence and unity as well; the possessive pronoun their is used to refer to Group of 7 major industrialized countries and the Non-Allied Movement; names of international organizations are listed one after another; subregional and regional are used as partial repetitions, and so on. • 5. Lexical formality： • The selection is characterized by the frequent employment of such formal words, including nominalizations, as matter, discuss, major, industrialize, summit, movement, organization, association, commonwealth, independent and others
2)Staged translation o A) Translation 1 联合国之外,人权方面的事务已经讨论过了,和七个主要工业国集团、不结 同美洲国家组 究一组 欧洲联盟、独立国共同体、里约集团以及在其他重要 0 Comments. Such a translation is awkward in that in the case of expressing the similar ideas as the selection contains, the usual Chinese way will be:某某问题已 某某以及某某讨论过了. If the discussion partner list is too long, the chinese might turn to such expression as某某问题已经在某 某地点和某某与某某讨论 某某地点和某某、某某 The alternative Chinese patterns point to the necessity that such phrases as和七 同美 欧洲联盟、独立国共同体、 里约集团以及在其他重要的地区和次地区的论坛上 should be fronted or reorganized
2) Staged translation: • A) Translation 1: • 联合国之外，人权方面的事务已经讨论过了，和七个主要工业国集团、不结 盟运动，在它们的峰会上；也已经讨论过了，同美洲国家组织、非洲统一组 织、东南亚国家联盟、欧洲联盟、独立国共同体、里约集团以及在其他重要 的地区和次地区的论坛上。 • Comments: • Such a translation is awkward in that in the case of expressing the similar ideas as the selection contains, the usual Chinese way will be: 某某问题已 经在某某地点和某某、某某以及某某讨论过了. If the discussion partner list is too long, the Chinese might turn to such expression as 某某问题已经在某 某地点和某某与某某讨论过了，也已经在某某地点和某某、某某……等讨论 过了，……. The alternative Chinese patterns point to the necessity that such phrases as和七个主要工业国集团、不结盟运动; 在它们的峰会上; 同美 洲国家组织、非洲统一组织、东南亚国家联盟、欧洲联盟、独立国共同体、 里约集团以及在其他重要的地区和次地区的论坛上should be fronted or reorganized
o B)Translation 2 在联合国之外,人权问题已经在峰会上同七大工业国集团 不结盟 过了,也已经同美洲国家 统组织、东南亚国家联盟、 独立国共同体和里约集团讨论过了,在其他地区性和次地 区性的论坛上也已经讨论过 Comments: The present translation is totally different from the previous in that by repeating同 仑过了wth在…:已经讨论过了asa reinforcement, all the discussion participants are now well organized in an orderly pattern However abbreviations could have been used for the names of the international organizations and other measures could also be taken
• B) Translation 2: • 在联合国之外，人权问题已经在峰会上同七大工业国集团、不结盟 运动讨论过了，也已经同美洲国家组织、非统组织、东南亚国家联盟、 欧洲联盟、独立国共同体和里约集团讨论过了，在其他地区性和次地 区性的论坛上也已经讨论过了。 • Comments: • The present translation is totally different from the previous in that by repeating 同……讨论过了with 在……也已经讨论过了as a reinforcement, all the discussion participants are now well organized in an orderly pattern. However, abbreviations could have been used for the names of the international organizations, and other measures could also be taken