Other choline esters 表17题碱酯类药物药特性比较 胆碱类对胆碱酯阿托品 毒罩碱样作用 善敏感性拮抗作用 样用 心血管胃旸道膀跣眼(局部使用) 乙酰胆碱++++++ +十 + 卡胆碱 女++Q++(+t +十 酷甲胆碱 十+十 + 氯贝碱○ + + Carbachol(卡巴胆碱): only used in glaucoma Methacholine(醋甲胆碱): xerosis of oral mucosa(口腔粘膜干燥症) Bethanechol(氯贝胆碱): abdominal distension, urinary retention
Carbachol (卡巴胆碱): only used in glaucoma Methacholine (醋甲胆碱): xerosis of oral mucosa (口腔粘膜干燥症) Bethanechol (氯贝胆碱): abdominal distension, urinary retention Other choline esters
Alkaloids Pilocarpine(毛果芸香碱,匹鲁卡品) Muscarine(毒蕈碱) natural ■ Arecoline(槟榔碱) Oxotremorine(震颤素) synthetic
Alkaloids ◼ Pilocarpine（毛果芸香碱，匹鲁卡品） ◼ Muscarine（毒蕈碱） ◼ Arecoline （槟榔碱） ◼ Oxotremorine（震颤素） natural synthetic
Eyes and glands are particularly Pilocarpine sensitive to this drug. It is primarily used in ophthalmology PHarmacological actions selectively activate M-R 1. Eye ,o miosis(pupillae sphincter . decrease intraocular pressure (pupillae sphincter) spasm of accommodation(ciliary muscle) 2. Glands secretion increase 3. Others
Pilocarpine [Pharmacological actions]: selectively activate M-R 1. Eye ❖ miosis (pupillae sphincter) ❖ decrease intraocular pressure (pupillae sphincter) ❖ spasm of accommodation (ciliary muscle) 2. Glands secretion: increase 3. Others Eyes and glands are particularly sensitive to this drug. It is primarily used in ophthalmology
眼内压降低 房水流出通畅 睫状肌牧缩 前历角变宽 恐韧带松驰 虹膜括约肌收缩 晶状体变凸一, 调节痉弯 远畅成象于视网膜前)(远视因难) 曈孔缩小 瞳孔括约肌 Circular muscl 受体 M-R 瞳孔开大肌 Radial muscle 受体 O-R
Circular muscle M-R Radial muscle α-R
角膜 舶睫状粹脉 巩膜静脉窦 滤帘 前房角 巩膜 虹 状儒 图6-3房水出路(箭头示房永回流方向)