General Concepts Hepatitis=inflammation of the liver six medically important viruses are commonly described as hepatitis viruses HAVHBVHCVHDVHEVHGV
General Concepts • Hepatitis = 'inflammation of the liver'. • six medically important viruses are commonly described as “hepatitis viruses”: HAV,HBV,HCV,HDV,HEV,HGV
Definitions for Hepatitises Acute(急性): Short term and/or severe Chronic(4eF): Lingering or lasting-may or may not be severe Fulminant(爆发性): Developing quickly and lasting a short time, high mortality rate Cirrhosis (i): Hardening: may be the result of infection or toxins (e.g. alcohol) Jaundice (RiE): Yellowing of the skin, eyes, etc due to raised levels of bilirubin in the blood due to liver damage Hepatocellular carcinoma(肝细胞癌): is closely associated with hepatitis B, and at least in some regions of the world with hepatitis C virus
Definitions for Hepatitises • Acute（急性）: Short term and/or severe. • Chronic（慢性）: Lingering or lasting - may or may not be severe • Fulminant（爆发性）: Developing quickly and lasting a short time, high mortality rate. • Cirrhosis（硬化）: Hardening: may be the result of infection or toxins (e.g. alcohol) • Jaundice（黄疸）:Yellowing of the skin, eyes, etc due to raised levels of bilirubin in the blood due to liver damage. • Hepatocellular carcinoma（肝细胞癌）： is closely associated with hepatitis B, and at least in some regions of the world with hepatitis C virus
Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives Infectious" Enterically transmitted Viral hepatitis NANB “ Serum Parenterally transmitted F.G. TTV other
“Infectious” A “Serum” Viral hepatitis Enterically transmitted Parenterally transmitted F, G, TTV ? other E NANB B D C Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives
Copyright o The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Table 24.12 Viral Hepatitis Disease Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Non-enveloped, single-stranded Enveloped double-stranded Enveloped, single-stranded RNA picornavirus, HAV DNA hepadnavirus, HBV RNA flavivirus, HCV Mode of spread Fecal-oral Blood, semen Blood, possibly semen Incubation period 3 to 5 weeks 10 to 15 weeks 6 to 7 weeks (range, 2 to 7 weeks) (range 6 to 23 weeks) (range, 2 to 24 we Prevention Gamma globulin; Recombinant vaccine, imunoglobulin No vaccine inactivated vaccine Comments Usually mild symptoms, but Symptoms often more severe Usually few or no symptoms often prolonged; full recovery, than hepatitis A; progressive progressive liver damage or no long-term carriers; combined liver damage in 1% to 6%can cancer in 10% to 20% of cases. hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine lead to cirhosis and cancer chronic carriers, virus can cross available chronic camers: can cross the placenta(rare) the placenta; combined hepatitis a and hepatitis B vaccine available Disease Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Hepatitis G Causative agent Defective stranded Non-enveloped, single-stranded Single-stranded RNA flavivirus RNA calicivirus. HEv Mode of spread Blood semen Fecal-oral Blood, possibly semen Incubation period 2 to 12 weeks 2 to 6 weeks Weeks Prevention No No vaccine No vacci Comments Prior or concurrent HBV Similar to hepatitis A, except Usually mild symptoms infection necessary; can cause severe disease in pregnant persistant viremia for worsening of hepatitis B women: same or related virus months can cross the placenta in rats
Table 24.12
Hepatitis B virus 2.69 ③ 7/nNnMMww
Hepatitis B Virus