Major characteristics used in taxonomy Morphological characteristics Physiological and metabolic characteristics Ecological characteristics Genetic analysis Molecular characteristics
Major characteristics used in taxonomy Morphological characteristics Physiological and metabolic characteristics Ecological characteristics Genetic analysis Molecular characteristics
Morphological characteristics Cell shape Mechanism of motility Cell size Endospore shape and location Cilia and flagella Spore morphology and location Cellular inclusions Colonial morphology Color Ultrastructural characteristics Staining behavior
Morphological characteristics Cell shape Cell size Cilia and flagella Cellular inclusions Color Mechanism of motility Endospore shape and location Spore morphology and location Colonial morphology Ultrastructural characteristics Staining behavior
Physiological, metabolic and Ecological characteristics o General nutritional type o Carbon and nitrogen o Growth temperature sources optimum and range n Cell wall o Mechanisms of energy constituents conversion 口 Energy sources n pH optimum and growth o Fermentation range products o Photosynthetic pigments o Luminescence o Salt requirements and n Motility tolerance o Osmotic tolerance o Secondary metabolites formed o Storage inclusions n Sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors and antibiotics
Physiological, metabolic and Ecological characteristics Carbon and nitrogen sources Cell wall constituents Energy sources Fermentation products Luminescence Motility Osmotic tolerance Storage inclusions General nutritional type Growth temperature optimum and range Mechanisms of energy conversion pH optimum and growth range Photosynthetic pigments Salt requirements and tolerance Secondary metabolites formed Sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors and antibiotics
Genetic analysis The study of transformation and conjugation in bacteria is sometimes taxonomically useful Plasmid-borne traits can cause errors in bacterial taxonomy if care is not taken Transformation can occur between different procaryotic species but only rarely between genera E coli can undergo conjugation with the genera Salmonella and shigella but not with Proteus and enterobacter
Genetic analysis The study of transformation and conjugation in bacteria is sometimes taxonomically useful. Plasmid-borne traits can cause errors in bacterial taxonomy if care is not taken. Transformation can occur between different procaryotic species but only rarely between genera. E.coli can undergo conjugation with the genera Salmonella and Shigella but not with Proteus and Enterobacter
Historical guanine(G)+ cytosine(C (%GC) Hybridization Gene characterization sequencing other
Molecular analysis Historical • guanine (G)+ cytosine (C) (% GC) Now • Hybridization • Gene characterization – sequencing – other