2.language and culture Language and culture are affected by each other. Language reflects the environment in which we live. language reflects cultural values
2. language and culture • Language and culture are affected by each other. • Language reflects the environment in which we live. • language reflects cultural values
It's easier to use words to represent one's experiences within the same culture because people share many similar experiences. It's more troublesome in verbal communication across cultures because people's experiences, beliefs,values,customs,traditions etc.are different
• It’s easier to use words to represent one’s experiences within the same culture because people share many similar experiences. • It’s more troublesome in verbal communication across cultures because people’s experiences, beliefs, values, customs, traditions etc. are different
Words do not mean anything by themselves;people attribute meaning to them.Eg. What's in a name?That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. -Shakespeare,Romeo and Juliet The meanings of words are usually conventionalized (约定俗成)
• Words do not mean anything by themselves; people attribute meaning to them. Eg. • What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. • – Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet • The meanings of words are usually conventionalized (约定俗成)
3.Cultural Differences of Languages (l).Lexical Level词义层面 (2).Pragmatic Level语用层面 (3).Discourse Level语篇层面 (4).Stylistic Level文体层面
3. Cultural Differences of Languages (1). Lexical Level 词义层面 (2). Pragmatic Level 语用层面 (3). Discourse Level 语篇层面 (4). Stylistic Level 文体层面
(I)Lexical Leveli词义层面 Denotation:(本义) Connotation:(隐含意义，内涵)
(1) Lexical Level词义层面 Denotation: (本义) Connotation: (隐含意义,内涵)