Developmental Biology 1. Drosophila melanogaster: Insect model 主要优点 1.体积小,易于繁 Fertilized 殖 2.产卵力强 Metamorphosis E3.性成熟短; 哪4.易于遗传操作: Gastrulation 如诱变; m|5基因组序列已全 3rd instar 部测出( Science Hatching 2nd rtar Mar.24,2000。 25℃ro (120Mb encodes Fg. 2. 29 Life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster Alter cleavage and gastrulation the embryo becomes segmented dorsal tam ents are exstra-rem bryen t stuch res. a crosop. 13, 601 proteins) and hatches out as a feeding larva. The larva grows and goes 2nd instar larva (middle) and a Drosophila pupa (bottom) through two molts (instars). eventually forming a pupa that will Scale bars 0. 1 mm. Photographs courtesy of F R. Tumer metamorphose into the adult fly. The photographs show (top, from Turner, F R et af: 1976. Mirtcle, from Turner, F R scanning electron micrographs of: a Drosophia egg before eral:1979)
Developmental Biology 主要优点 1. 体积小，易于繁 殖； 2. 产卵力强； 3. 性成熟短； 4. 易于遗传操作： 如诱变； 5. 基因组序列已全 部测出(Science, Mar. 24, 2000)。 (120Mb encodes 13,601 proteins) 1. Drosophila melanogaster: Insect model
Developmental Biology 2 Caenorhabditis elegans: Worm model 主要优点 易于养殖:成虫 体长1mm,易冷 冻保存 2.性成熟短:25-3 LA Hows atte 天,两种成虫; at 25C 3.细胞数量少,谱 系清楚 4.易于诱变 5.基因组序列已全部 测出( Science,Dec.11 Fig 2, 35 Life cycle of the nematode Caenorhabditis embryo after gastrulation (top, scale bar= 10 um: witn the larva elegans. After cleavage and embryogenesis there are four larval stages(L1-L4 bolore the sexually mature adult dovolcps curled up(middle, scale bar. 10 Hm) and the four Larval st 1998)。(97MB and adult (bottom, scale bar = 0.5 mm), Photographs courtes of J. Ahnnger encodes 19.099 can develop. The photographs show: the two- cell stage. an roteins)
Developmental Biology 2、Caenorhabditis elegans: Worm model 主要优点 1. 易于养殖：成虫 体长1mm，易冷 冻保存； 2. 性成熟短：2.5-3 天，两种成虫； 3. 细胞数量少，谱 系清楚； 4. 易于诱变； 5. 基因组序列已全部 测出 (Science, Dec. 11, 1998)。(97MB encodes 19,099 proteins.)
Developmental Biology (二)、Ⅴ ertebrate models
Developmental Biology (二)、Vertebrate Models
Developmental Biology 1. Xenopus laevis: Amphibian model 主要优点 1.性成熟短 2.卵体大,易于操 a2s°c 作; Tailbud embryo stage 26 3.抗感染力强,易 Gastrulation 于组织移植; stage 12 soya wei Fig 2.3 Life cycle of the African claw.toed frog Xenopus the blastula stage (top, scale bar= 0.5 mml: a tadpole al stage 45 laevis The numbered stages refer to standardzed stages of middle, scale bar I mm) and an adul frog (bottom, scale b Xenopus development. More stages can be seen m the larger 1 cm). Photographs courtesy of J Slack (top. from Alberts, tigure in Box 1A. page 4. The photographs show: an embryo at et al 1994)and J Smith(middle and bottom
Developmental Biology 1. Xenopus laevis: Amphibian model 主要优点 1. 性成熟短； 2. 卵体大，易于操 作； 3. 抗感染力强，易 于组织移植；
Developmental Biology 2. Danio rerio (zebrafish) 主要优点 1.体积小,易于饲 养殖; 2.产卵力强; 3.性成熟短; 4.易于遗传操作: Hatch Gastrulation 如诱变; 5.体外受精和发育, 易于观察; 14 somite stage 6.基因组序列已全 Fig 2.26 Life cycle of the zebrafish. The zebrafish embryo shows an embryo at the 14-somite stage, showing develoning develops as a cup-shaped blastoderm sitting on top of a large organ systems its transparency s useful for observing cell yolk ce. it develops rapidly and by 2 days atter terthzaton behavor (scale bar=0.5 mm). The bottom photograph shows 部测出。 iny fish, still attached to the remains of its yolk, hatches out an adult zebrahsh (scale bar= t cmj, Photographs courtesy of the egg. The top photograph shows a zebrafish embryo at the C Kimmel (top, from Kimmel. C B, ef al: 1995), N Holde sphere stage ol development, wth the embryo sitting on top of (middle), and M Westerfield (bottom) the large yolk cell (scale bar =0.5 mm). The middle photograph
Developmental Biology 主要优点 1. 体积小，易于饲 养殖； 2. 产卵力强； 3. 性成熟短； 4. 易于遗传操作： 如诱变； 5. 体外受精和发育， 易于观察； 6. 基因组序列已全 部测出。 2. Danio rerio (zebrafish)