Developmental Biology 3、 Mosaic and regulative Developmen(续) 支持嵌合体学说的实验证据: Wilhelm roux的实验: Fertilized frog egg Two- cell stage Blastula stage(section Neurula stage hot needle blastocoel emains ot half embryo alled cell neural tube Fig 1.8 Roux's experiment to investigate Weismann's The development of the blastocoel is also restricted to the theory of mosaic development. After the first cleavage of cells appear to have formed. At the neurula stage, the undamaged half. In the damaged half of the embryo a frog embryo, one of the two cells is killed by pricking it with a hot needie: the other remains undamaged. At the undamaged cell has developed into something resembling blastula stage the undamaged cell can be seen to have half a normal embryo divided as normal into many cells that fill half of the embryo
Developmental Biology 3、Mosaic and Regulative Development(续) 支持嵌合体学说的实验证据：Wilhelm Roux的实验：
Developmental Biology 3、 Mosaic and Regulative Development(续) Wilhelm roux的同事 Hans driesch的下述实验表明,胚 胎具有在局部被排除或受损伤后仍正常发育的能力,即胚 胎发育是可调节的。 Normal development of sea urchin larva from two-cell stage Fig 1.9 The outcome of Driesch's experiment on sea urchin embryos which first demonstrated the phenomenon of regulation. After separation of cells at the two-cell stage. the remaining cell develops into a small, but whole. normal larva. This contradicts Rouxs earlier finding that if one of the cells of a two-cell frog embryo is damaged the remaining cell develops into a half-embryo only (see Fig. 1.8) Driesch's separation of cells at two-cell stage resulted in the death of one cell. The surviving cell developed into a small but otherwise normal larva one ote separated cels surly ded
Developmental Biology 3、Mosaic and Regulative Development(续) Wilhelm Roux的同事Hans Driesch的下述实验表明，胚 胎具有在局部被排除或受损伤后仍正常发育的能力，即胚 胎发育是可调节的
Developmental Biology 4 Discovery of Induction 1924年, Hans seman和 Hilde mangold的移植实验表 明,胚胎的一种组织可以指导另一种相邻组织的发育。 Dorsal lip of blastopore grafted from an unpigmented species of newt to the A secondary embryo is induced blastocoel roof of a pigmented species Fig 1. 10 The dramatic demonstration by Spemann and Mangold of induction of a Triton cristatus gastrula new main body axis by the organizer region in the early amphibian gastrula A piece of tissue (yellow) from the dorsal orsa ip of blastopore lip of the blastopore of a newt(Triton cristatus) gastrula is grafted to the opposite side of a gastrula from another. secondary ( nduced) embryo pigmented, newt species(Triton taeniatus pink). The grafted tissue induces a new body axis containing neural tube and structures Secondary somites. The unpigmented graft tissue structures forms a notochord at its new site(see neural tube section in lower panel) but the neural tube Tnton taeniatus notochord and the other structures of the new axis gastrula tH neural tube have been induced from the pigmented host tissue
Developmental Biology 4、Discovery of Induction 1924年，Hans Spemann和Hilde mangold的移植实验表 明，胚胎的一种组织可以指导另一种相邻组织的发育
Developmental Biology 5、遗传学、分子生物学与发育生物学的结合 1900年,孟德尔遗传定律研究遗传元素在世代间的传递。 1909年荷兰植物学家 Wilhelm Johannsen提出基因型和表现型 的概念,首次使遗传学和胚胎发育学发生关系。 20世纪40年代证明:DNA是遗传物质,控制蛋白质的合成。 20世纪50年代发现:DNA为双螺旋结构。 20世纪60年代:三联体密码被破解。 20世纪70年代:DNA重组技术出现。 20世纪80年代:转基因技术出现。 20世纪90年代:动物克隆技术出现。 世纪之交:HGP。 新的突破: stem cells, proteomics, conditional gene knockout, mutagenesis
Developmental Biology 5、遗传学、分子生物学与发育生物学的结合 1900年，孟德尔遗传定律研究遗传元素在世代间的传递。 1909年荷兰植物学家Wilhelm Johannsen提出基因型和表现型 的概念，首次使遗传学和胚胎发育学发生关系。 20世纪40年代证明：DNA是遗传物质，控制蛋白质的合成。 20世纪50年代发现：DNA为双螺旋结构。 20世纪60年代：三联体密码被破解。 20世纪70年代：DNA重组技术出现。 20世纪80年代：转基因技术出现。 20世纪90年代：动物克隆技术出现。 世纪之交：HGP。 新的突破：stem cells, proteomics, conditional gene knockout, mutagenesis
Developmental Biology 、发育生物学研究中的主要模式动物 各种模式动物各有优点,其研究成果不仅可以揭示特定 物种的特点,还有助于动物发育的一些普遍规律和机制。 (Invertebrate Models
Developmental Biology 二、发育生物学研究中的主要模式动物 各种模式动物各有优点，其研究成果不仅可以揭示特定 物种的特点，还有助于动物发育的一些普遍规律和机制。 (一) Invertebrate Models