ANGIOLOGY·198·PARTⅢIAortic archSuperiorvenacavaLeft pulmonaryaRight pulmonarya.LeftpulmonaryvvRight pulmonaryvv.Great cardiac vCircumflexbr.ofInferiorvena cavaleft coronarya.BranchofatrioventricularCoronarysinusSmall cardiac v.Right ventricleMiddlecardiacvFig.II-1-5External features and the vessels of the heart (posterior view)by the left auricle. It descends from the left auricleThe sternocostal surface of the heart faces for-to the cardiac apex. The right border separates theward and upward so it is also called the anterior sur-sternocostal surface and cardiac base. Correspondingface.About one-fourth of the surfacemadeupbto the right atrium, its profile is slight convex to thethe left auricle and ventricle and threrthsbytheright atrium and ventricle.A large part of the surfaceright.The inferiorborderseparates the sternocostaland diaphragmatic surfaces, it is sharp and nearlyis covered by the pleura and the anterioredgesofthelungs,asmallpartisseparatedfromthelowerpartofhorizontal.Theborderismainlyformedbytherightthe sternum and the left fourth to sixth costal carti-ventricle,with a small contribution from the left ven-lages bythepericardium.Therefore,the intracardiactricle near the apex. It extends from the lower end ofinjection can be performed at the left fourth intercos-the rightborderto the apex.tal space near the sternum to avoid the damage of theThe coronary sulcus is also known as the atrio-pleura and lung. The pulmonary trunk and ascendingventricular groove completely encircles between theaorta arisefrom theupper part of the sternocostal sur-atria and ventricles, it is oblique. The section whichface.The diaphragmatic surface faces the diaphragm,includes the coronary groove is at about 45° to thealso known as the inferior surface. It is largely hori-sagittal plane. It approximately traverse the lines ofzontal,sloping down and forwardsa littletowards theattachment of the atrioventriclar valves and those ofapex. Of the diaphragmatic surface, about two-thirdstheaortic and pulmonaryvalves.is made up by the left ventricle and one-third by theThe anterior interventricular groove, seen on theright ventricle. The left surface faces up, back and tosternocostal surface, is near and almost parallel to thethe left.Itconsistsmainlyoftheleftventricle,buthaslef border. It descends from the coronary groove toa small part of the left atrium contributing superiorly.the cardiac apical incisure, which is about 2 cm to theThe left border of the heart separates the sterno-right of the cardiac apex. The posterior interventricu-costal and left surfaces.It is mainly formedby the leftlar groove, seen on the diaphragmatic surface, extendsventricle but, to a slight extent superiorly, is formedfrom the coronary groove to the cardiac apical inci-口R扫描全能王创建a
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Chapter 1 Cardiovascular System ·199 .urodhiarsrotation to the left on its long axis. The interventric-ular and interatrial septa are aligned obliqucly 45° toaerordperorgthe left of the midline.With the planes of the septadirected approximately from the right scapula to thedirnagoovesonanhbeelenipple.Thereforc, the entireright sideoftheheartand the adipose tissue.is to the right ofthis plane,placing mostof the rightTheinteratrial groove isverical andright toori-atrium anterior to the lef atrium and most of the righteesorih puyiorpoeieraialdsaraestheldrgventricle anterior to the left ventricle.stmassalwaexending betweenhrightsidesoftheopeningsRight atriumftsuandroaaaventricularcuxithointfjunctionofcoronaryThe right atrium (Fig. II-1-6) can be divided intointeratrialand posterior interventiculargroovesthe sinus venarum cavarum and the atrium properIntemayat ths junctontheieratrial sumjnswith the crista terminalis,This smooth, musculartheintervent ricularseptumTheright coronary artyridge begins on the upper part of the septal surfacethat crosses thisregion makesasharpinward turnatand, passing anterior to the orifice of the superiorthe crux and originates the artery to the atrioventric-vena cava, runs to the right side of the orifice of theular node.At the crux, the middle and small cardiacinferior vena cava. It corresponds externally to theveins join the coronary sinus.sulcus terminalis.The medial wall of the right atriumistheinteratrial septum.1) sinus venarum cavarum The sinus venarumI.Chambers of Heartcavarum islocated posteriortothe atriumproper,anddeveloped from the sinus venarum. Its inner surfaceDuring development, the heart undergoes a slightAorticarchRight auricleSuperiorvenacarPulmonary trunkTorusaorticusPulmonary vy,Right ventricleTendonoftodaroFossa ovalisIttricuspidvalveValve of inferior vena cavOrifice ofcoronarysinusInferior vena cavFig. II-1-6 Right atriumfront of the orifice of inferior vena cava.It becomesissmoothThesuperiorandinfriorvenaecavaencontinuous with the crista terminalis laterally andtrthright atriumatitssuperiorandinferioraspects.withthevalve of coronary sinus medially.The valveTheorificeofsuperiorvenacavausualyhasnoofinferior vena cava islargeduringfetal life,when itvalve.The valveofinferiorvena cavapassesinthe可口扫描全能王创建可
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