Localization of one-child policy 1984, Document No. 7 stipulated that birth contro regulations should be made in accordance with oca conditions and to be approved by provincial-level governments. Throughout the 1990s, under the general guidelines of SFPC provincial FPC drafted regulations on the number of children a couple could have and the conditions under which exceptions could be made to the one-child-per couple rule These regulations were discussed and approved by the provincial People's Congresses
Localization of one-child policy • 1984, Document No.7 stipulated that birth control regulations should be made in accordance with local conditions and to be approved by provincial-level governments. • Throughout the 1990s, under the general guidelines of SFPC, provincial FPC drafted regulations on the number of children a couple could have and the conditions under which exceptions could be made to the one-child-per couple rule. • These regulations were discussed and approved by the provincial People's Congresses
Localization of one child policy Urban population: one child per couple Rural population One-child policy: in 6 provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Chongqing, and Sichuan 1.5-children policy: in 19 provinces, rural residents are allowed to have a second child after a specified birth interval if the first birth is a girl Two-children policy: in 5 provinces, Hainan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Xinjiang ° No regulation: Tibet
Localization of one child policy • Urban population: one child per couple • Rural population • One-child policy: in 6 provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Chongqing, and Sichuan • 1.5-children policy: in 19 provinces, rural residents are allowed to have a second child after a specified birth interval if the first birth is a girl • Two-children policy: in 5 provinces, Hainan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Xinjiang • No regulation: Tibet
Time period in which the TFR first fell below replacement Time penod 1075 176.090 网10811095 1238.70 1001.1005 NS10D8-2000 No data
Time period in which the TFR first fell below replacement
Additional exemptions e Demographic reasons: ° Minority couples; couples both of whom come from the only child families Economic reasons Couples serving in certain risky occupation, such as underground miners or fisher men iangsu, Ningxia famers in mountain or poor areas( Heibei, Yunnan )
Additional exemptions • Demographic reasons: • Minority couples; • couples both of whom come from the only child families • Economic reasons: • Couples serving in certain risky occupation, such as underground miners or fisher men (Jiangsu, Ningxia..) • famers in mountain or poor areas (Heibei, Yunnan..)
Additional exemptions Social reasons: Rural married males living with parents-in-law(Beijing, Shanxi); Returning overseas Chinese(Heilongjiang, Shanghai); the single child of a revolutionary martyr(Sichuan) Replacement reasons: first child has died or is physically handicapped childbirth is also allowed after adopting a child following an initial diagnosis of infertility; remarried couples
Additional exemptions • Social reasons: • Rural married males living with parents-in-law (Beijing, Shanxi); • Returning overseas Chinese (Heilongjiang, Shanghai); • the single child of a revolutionary martyr (Sichuan). • Replacement reasons: • first child has died or is physically handicapped; • childbirth is also allowed after adopting a child following an initial diagnosis of infertility; • remarried couples