CompartmentFireResearchDrThomasworkedatFireResearchStationofBRE,UKHeis oneofthefoundingfathersoffireresearchandtheInternationalAssociationforFireSafetyScience(IAFSS)Theterm'flashoverwasfirstintroducedbyhiminthe1960sDirectoroftheBuildingResearchInstituteJapanKawagoeGoldMedal ishighesthonorinfireresearchDr.Philip H.ThomasKawagoe'scorrelation(1958)forfully-developed(1927-2014)compartment fire:mp = 5. 5ApH,2 kg/minP.THOMAS,SFPEClassicPaperReview.Fire BehaviourInRooms byKunioKawagoePicturewastakenbyDrThomas,Prof.KunioKawagoehttps://doi.org/10.1177/1042391504039408itcaptureswellProf.Kawagoe'scharacter6FireScienceDrXinyan Huang
Fire Science 6 Dr Xinyan Huang Compartment Fire Research Dr. Philip H. Thomas (1927-2014) • Dr Thomas worked at Fire Research Station of BRE, UK • He is one of the founding fathers of fire research and the International Association for Fire Safety Science (IAFSS). • The term 'flashover' was first introduced by him in the 1960s Picture was taken by Dr Thomas; Prof. Kunio Kawagoe it captures well Prof. Kawagoe’s character. ▪ Director of the Building Research Institute Japan ▪ Kawagoe Gold Medal is highest honor in fire research ▪ Kawagoe’s correlation (1958) for fully-developed compartment fire: P. THOMAS, SFPE Classic Paper Review: Fire Behaviour In Rooms by Kunio Kawagoe https://doi.org/10.1177/1042391504039408 𝒎ሶ 𝑭 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝑨𝑫𝑯𝑫 𝟏 𝟐 kg/min
EarlyCompartmentFireResearchhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2al2wx9N4EFireScienceDrXinyan Huang
Fire Science 7 Dr Xinyan Huang Early Compartment Fire Research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2gI2Wx9N4E
Outline1.CompartmentFire Stages2.Flashover andBackdraft3.Smoke Motion andAnalytic Model4.ModelingforCompartmentFire8FireScienceDrXinyanHuang
Fire Science 8 Dr Xinyan Huang Outline 1. Compartment Fire Stages 2. Flashover and Backdraft 3. Smoke Motion and Analytic Model 4. Modeling for Compartment Fire
Compartment(Enclosure)FireNSTNational Institute of Standardsand TechnologyTechnologyAdministrationU.S.DepartmentofCommerceInitiatedbyaflameInitiatedbyasmoulderingcigarettehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsaLCdC3iWwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GMhfLamERc&t=43s9FireScienceDrXinyan Huang
Fire Science 9 Dr Xinyan Huang Compartment (Enclosure) Fire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsaLCdC3iWw Initiated by a flame https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GMhfLamERc&t=43s Initiated by a smouldering cigarette
CompartmentFire:FourStagesPre-flashoverPost-flashoverFireTemperatureorStage1Stage2Stage3Stage4HeatreleaseGrowthIgnitionFully developedDecayrate (HRR)Heating,CoolingWell-ventilatedVentilation-controlledfirefirepyrolysis,SmoulderingIgnitionFlashoverBurnoutTime(flaming)-Pre-flashover(safetyofhuman):controlorsuppressfire,evacuationPost-flashover (safety of structures):cooling,preventstructure-to-structurefire spread (e.g.fagadefire),structural stability (e.g.collapse)10FireScienceDrXinyan Huang
Fire Science 10 Dr Xinyan Huang Compartment Fire: Four Stages ▪ Pre-flashover (safety of human): control or suppress fire, evacuation ▪ Post-flashover (safety of structures): cooling, prevent structure-to-structure fire spread (e.g. façade fire), structural stability (e.g. collapse) Fire Temperature or Heat release rate (HRR) Ignition (flaming) Flashover Burnout Time Stage 1 Ignition Heating, pyrolysis, Smouldering Stage 2 Growth Well-ventilated fire Stage 3 Fully developed Ventilation-controlled fire Stage 4 Decay Cooling