The genetic code Second letter U c G UUU Phenyl- UCU UAU UUC alanine UAC Tyrosine UGU UGC Cysteine U. Leucine UCC UCA Serine UAA Stop codon UGA Stop codonA UUG UCG UAG Stop codon UGG]Tryptophan G CUU CCU CAU c CUC CCC cAC| Histidine目cGu Leucine roline CUA P CAA CGcArginineA CGA CUG CCG CAG GlutamineCGG AAU AUC Isoleucine ACU AGU AAC Asparagine AGCSerine A目AUA Methionine! ACA Threonine AAA AGA AUG initiation ACG AAG:Lysine AGG Arginine codon GUU GAU Aspartic目GGu G GUC GCC GuA Valine GCAAlanine GACacid GGC GGA Glycine AGUCAG GUG 数 GAAGlutamic GGG
The genetic code
Messenger rNa(mRNA) is the blueprint for construction of a protein. Transfer rna (tRNA) is the truck delivering the proper amino acid to the site at the right time. trna will form a cloverleaf structure due to complementary base pairing. At the top of the large loop are three bases, the anticodon, which is the complement of the codon. There are 61 different tRNAs. each having a different binding site for the amino acid and a different anticodon Amino acid 3′ 5 attachment site Transfer RNa(tRNA) 3 Anticodon HYdrogen bonds Loop between paired bases Chinas mANA) Amino Acid Attachment Site 日Gu Anticodon
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the blueprint for construction of a protein. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the truck delivering the proper amino acid to the site at the right time. tRNA will form a "cloverleaf" structure due to complementary base pairing. At the top of the large loop are three bases, the anticodon, which is the complement of the codon. There are 61 different tRNAs, each having a different binding site for the amino acid and a different anticodon
Ribosomes are the organelle (in all cells) where proteins are synthesized. They consist of two-thirds rrNa and one-third protein. ribosomes consist of a small (in E. coli, 30S) and larger (50S)subunits. The length ofrrNA differs in each. The 30s unit Ribosome has 16s rRNa and 21 Light subunit different proteins. The 50s subunit consists of 5s and 23S rrNa and 34 different proteins. The smaller subunit has a binding site Heavy for the mRNA. The larger subunit subunit has two binding sites for tRNA
Ribosomes are the organelle (in all cells) where proteins are synthesized. They consist of two-thirds rRNA and one-third protein. Ribosomes consist of a small (in E. coli , 30S) and larger (50S) subunits. The length of rRNA differs in each. The 30S unit has 16S rRNA and 21 different proteins. The 50S subunit consists of 5S and 23S rRNA and 34 different proteins. The smaller subunit has a binding site for the mRNA. The larger subunit has two binding sites for tRNA
Translation is the process of converting the mRNA codon sequences into an amino acid sequence. The initiator codon(AUG codes for the amino acid N-formylmethionine (-Met. No translation occurs without the AUG codon. f-Met is always the first amino acid in a polypeptide chain, although frequently it is removed after translation. The initator tRNA/ mRNAsmall ribosomal unit is called the initiation complex. The larger subunit attaches to the initiation complex. After the initiation phase the message gets longer during the elongation phase. Elongation (translation) Elongation continues P site: A site YAUGECGAUGCUAUdCGAUGCU GEGAU yuuuAvtGuauyUcUUuAA GGCAUA Stop codon Anticodon Met This process repeats Incoming lo Growing a until reaching a stop tRNA poly- g=oag codon peptide
Translation is the process of converting the mRNA codon sequences into an amino acid sequence. The initiator codon (AUG) codes for the amino acid N-formylmethionine (f-Met). No translation occurs without the AUG codon. f-Met is always the first amino acid in a polypeptide chain, although frequently it is removed after translation. The intitator tRNA/mRNA/small ribosomal unit is called the initiation complex. The larger subunit attaches to the initiation complex. After the initiation phase the message gets longer during the elongation phase