·whooping cough: a serious infectious disease which causes people to cough and make a loud noise when they breathe in. 。baptismal water:: Baptism is a religious rite习俗，惯例，symbolizing admission to the Christian Church.Water is poured or sprinkled on to the forehead of the person being baptized,accompanied by giving a name. HOME PART I PART IIPART III WRITING
• whooping cough: a serious infectious disease which causes people to cough and make a loud noise when they breathe in. • baptismal water: Baptism is a religious rite 习俗, 惯例, symbolizing admission to the Christian Church. Water is poured or sprinkled on to the forehead of the person being baptized, accompanied by giving a name
Text Analysis (Para.3-5) Cultural Notes mistletoe: The Druids considered the mistletoe to be a sacred plant and believed it had miraculous properties which could cure illnesses,serve as an antidote解毒w剂against poisons,ensure fertility and protect against the ill effects of witchcraft. HOME PART I PART II PART III WRITING
Text Analysis (Para. 3-5) Cultural Notes • mistletoe: The Druids considered the mistletoe to be a sacred plant and believed it had miraculous properties which could cure illnesses, serve as an antidote解毒剂against poisons, ensure fertility and protect against the ill effects of witchcraft
Moreover,whenever enemies met under the mistletoe in the forest,they had to lay down their arms and observe a truce until the next day.From this has seemingly come the ancient custom of hanging a ball of mistletoe from the ceiling and exchanging kisses under it as a sign of friendship and goodwill. Another version,however,says that this custom,which was widespread among the Anglo-Saxons,was connected to the legend of Freya,goddess of love,beauty and fertility.According to legend,a man had to kiss any young girl who,without realizing it,found herself accidentally under a sprig of mistletoe hanging from the ceiling. HOME PART IPART IIPART III WRITING
Moreover, whenever enemies met under the mistletoe in the forest, they had to lay down their arms and observe a truce休 战until the next day. From this has seemingly come the ancient custom of hanging a ball of mistletoe from the ceiling and exchanging kisses under it as a sign of friendship and goodwill. Another version, however, says that this custom, which was widespread among the Anglo-Saxons, was connected to the legend of Freya, goddess of love, beauty and fertility. According to legend, a man had to kiss any young girl who, without realizing it, found herself accidentally under a sprig of mistletoe hanging from the ceiling
Even if the pagan异教徒significance has been long forgotten,the custom of exchanging a kiss under the mistletoe can still be found in many European countries as well as in Canada.Thus if a couple in love exchanges a kiss under the mistletoe,it is interpreted as a promise to marry,as well as a prediction of happiness and long life.In France,the custom linked to mistletoe was reserved for New Year's Day:"Au gui I'An neuf?(Mistletoe for the New Year).Today,kisses can be exchanged under the mistletoe any time during the holiday season. HOME PART I PART II PART III WRITING
Even if the pagan 异教徒 significance has been long forgotten, the custom of exchanging a kiss under the mistletoe can still be found in many European countries as well as in Canada. Thus if a couple in love exchanges a kiss under the mistletoe, it is interpreted as a promise to marry, as well as a prediction of happiness and long life. In France, the custom linked to mistletoe was reserved for New Year’s Day: “Au gui l’An neuf” (Mistletoe for the New Year). Today, kisses can be exchanged under the mistletoe any time during the holiday season
Druids: Although since Christian times Druids have been identified as wizards and astrologers,in pre-Christian Celtic society they formed an intellectual class comprising philosophers, judges,educators,historians,doctors,seers,astronomers,and astrologers.The earliest surviving classical references to Druids date to the 2nd century B.C.They were called by Christians “pagans'”. The word Druidae is of Celtic origin.It was believed to be a cognate with the Greek work drus,meaning"an oak."Dru- wid combines the word roots“oak'and“knowledge”(wid means "to know"or "to see").The oak was an important sacred tree to HOME PART IPART II PART IIIWRITING
Although since Christian times Druids have been identified as wizards and astrologers, in pre-Christian Celtic society they formed an intellectual class comprising philosophers, judges, educators, historians, doctors, seers, astronomers, and astrologers. The earliest surviving classical references to Druids date to the 2nd century B.C. They were called by Christians “pagans”. The word Druidae is of Celtic origin. It was believed to be a cognate with the Greek work drus, meaning “an oak.” Druwid combines the word roots “oak” and “knowledge” (wid means “to know” or “to see”). The oak was an important sacred tree to • Druids: