APPENDIX An element Crossword 区 P十口 阝购■■■卩 ■■■■■ □口p □■口■■■■■■
281
Across 1. A metal used in batteries but not pencil 2. This element is found in the most odorous compound 3. Its aqueous 2+ ion has a characteristic blue color 4. Bananas are rich in its cation 5. The noble gas with the second-lowest density 6. Its hydride is the most common basic gas 7. This metal forms a yellow oxyanion in basic solution 8. A gaseous nonmetal, X, that forms a tetraoxide, XO4 9. A transition metal. M. that forms a tetraoxide mo4 10. In a flame, its compounds produce a red-violet color. 11. Its diatomic molecule has the highest bond energy of any halogen 12. Named after Professor "e=mc2 13. A semimetal that forms a common solid dioxide 14. The metal used in the preparation of Grignard reagents 15. This element, X, forms such species as XF7and X3 16. The element first identified from the Suns spectrum 17. The 3+ ion of this rare earth element has the same electron con figuration as xenon 18. Other than xenon it is the only non-radioactive noble gas which is known to form chemical 19. Napoleon may have been poisoned by this element 20.This metal forms a colorless +l aqueous ion that gives a white precipitate with aqueous chloride ion 21. Its oxide is a good diamond substitute 22. This transition metal forms compounds that have anti-cancer activity 23. The alkali metal that resembles the alkaline earth metals in its chemistry. 24. Its sulfate is used for stomach X-rays 25. One of the allotropes of this nonmetal conducts heat five times better than copper 6. The densest gaseous element 27. This transition metal forms a very hard carbide 28. Its common 4+ ion has the electron configuration [Rn]5f 29. The"weak"metal of Group 15 30. Among the alkali metals. this clement has the most soluble fluoride and the least soluble 31. The sulfide of this transition metal is an excellent lubricant 32. Emperor Napoleon III used tableware of this metal for special state occasions 282
282 Across 1. A metal used in batteries but not pencils. 2. This element is found in the most odorous compounds. 3. Its aqueous 2+ ion has a characteristic blue color. 4. Bananas are rich in its cation. 5. The noble gas with the second-lowest density. 6. Its hydride is the most common basic gas. 7. This metal forms a yellow oxyanion in basic solution. 8. A gaseous nonmetal, X, that forms a tetraoxide, XO4. 9. A transition metal, M, that forms a tetraoxide, MO4. 10. In a flame, its compounds produce a red-violet color. 11. Its diatomic molecule has the highest bond energy of any halogen. 12. Named after Professor "e = mc2.'' 13. A semimetal that forms a common solid dioxide. 14. The metal used in the preparation of Grignard reagents. 15. This element, X, forms such species as XF7 and X3 − . 16. The element first identified from the Sun's spectrum. 17. The 3 + ion of this rare earth element has the same electron con figuration as xenon. 18. Other than xenon, it is the only non-radioactive noble gas which is known to form chemical compounds. 19. Napoleon may have been poisoned by this element. 20. This metal forms a colorless +1 aqueous ion that gives a white precipitate with aqueous chloride ion. 21. Its oxide is a good diamond substitute. 22. This transition metal forms compounds that have anti-cancer activity. 23. The alkali metal that resembles the alkaline earth metals in its chemistry. 24. Its sulfate is used for stomach X-rays. 25. One of the allotropes of this nonmetal conducts heat five times better than copper. 26. The densest gaseous element. 27. This transition metal forms a very hard carbide. 28. Its common 4+ ion has the electron configuration [Rn]5f 4. 29. The "weak" metal of Group 15. 30. Among the alkali metals, this clement has the most soluble fluoride and the least soluble iodide. 31. The sulfide of this transition metal is an excellent lubricant. 32. Emperor Napoleon III used tableware of this metal for special state occasions
Down 1. This member of Group i3 melts at only 30C 2. This nonmetal forms ionic, metallic, and covalent compounds 3. The 2+ ion of this rare earth metal has a half-filled set of forbitals 4.The"Tyrannosaurus rex"of the elements. 5. Its compounds were once used to produce glow-in-the-dark watches 6. This rare earth element was very difficult to separate from its neighbor, praseodymiu 7. Named after the"father"of the periodic table 8. The bottom member of Group 2, alphabetically 9. An organometallic compound of this main group metal is used in the preservation of books 10. The only metal to commonly form a diatomic cation in solution 11. This metal forms a magnetic oxide of formula M3O4 12. This gaseous element was once known as"dephlogisticated air 13. One allotrope is stored under water 14. Its hexaaqua ion in the +2 oxidation state is pink 15. This actinoid is usually sold as a compound known as"yellow cake 16. Xerography would be impossible without this element 17. Its common oxyanion has a characteristic purple color 18. The densest non-radioactive metal of Group 9 19. The highest atomic number element for which stable isotopes are known 20. The only liquid nonmetal at SATP 21. Its carbonate is one of the common minerals on the surface of the earth 22. The least electronegative of the halogens 23. A"borderline"metal that has a high transparency to X-rays 24. A purification process for this metal uses a tetracarbonyl compound 25. The atmospheric gas with the third highest concentration 26. Its simplest hydride is a dimer while its common fluoride is electron deficient 7. This metal suffers from a plague at low temperatures 28. A compound of this metal, auranofin, is used in the treatment of arthritis 29. The sulfide of this metal has an intense yellow color, hence its use as a pigment 30. Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy 83
283 Down 1. This member of Group i3 melts at only 30℃. 2. This nonmetal forms ionic, metallic, and covalent compounds. 3. The 2 + ion of this rare earth metal has a half-filled set of f orbitals. 4. The "Tyrannosaurus rex" of the elements. 5. Its compounds were once used to produce glow-in-the-dark watches. 6. This rare earth element was very difficult to separate from its neighbor, praseodymium. 7. Named after the "father" of the periodic table. 8. The bottom member of Group 2, alphabetically. 9. An organometallic compound of this main group metal is used in the preservation of books. 10. The only metal to commonly form a diatomic cation in solution. 11. This metal forms a magnetic oxide of formula M3O4. 12. This gaseous element was once known as "dephlogisticated air." 13. One allotrope is stored under water. 14. Its hexaaqua ion in the +2 oxidation state is pink. 15. This actinoid is usually sold as a compound known as "yellow cake." 16. Xerography would be impossible without this element. 17. Its common oxyanion has a characteristic purple color. 18. The densest non-radioactive metal of Group 9. 19. The highest atomic number element for which stable isotopes are known. 20. The only liquid nonmetal at SATP. 21. Its carbonate is one of the common minerals on the surface of the Earth. 22. The least electronegative of the halogens. 23. A "borderline" metal that has a high transparency to X-rays. 24. A purification process for this metal uses a tetracarbonyl compound. 25. The atmospheric gas with the third highest concentration. 26. Its simplest hydride is a dimer while its common fluoride is electron deficient. 7. This metal suffers from a plague at low temperatures. 28. A compound of this metal, auranofin, is used in the treatment of arthritis. 29. The sulfide of this metal has an intense yellow color, hence its use as a pigment. 30. Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy
APPENDI 2 Thermodynamic Properties of some Selected inorganic As thermodynamic data are experimental, their values differ from one source to another. A consistent set of values have been used here, summarized from G. Aylward and T. Findlay, Chemical Data, 3rd ed, New York: Wiley, 1994 △H Name Formula (kJ-mol-) (J. mol-.K-)(kJ. mol-) Aluminum Al(s) -538 aluminate ion Al(OH)4(aq) 1305 bromide AlBr3(s) 629 chloride hexahydrate AlCI3·6H2O(s) 318 AlF3(s) -143 All3(s) 314 159 -301 nitride AIN(S) 318 287 Al2O3(s) -1676 phosphate AlPO(s) -1734 -1618 Al2(so4)3(s) 3441 NH4 (aq) -133 +l11 NH4 Br(s) +113 loride NAcL(s) 314 +95 fluoride NH4F(S) iodide NHal(s) +117
284 As thermodynamic data are experimental, their values differ from one source to another. A consistent set of values have been used here, summarized from G. Aylward and T. Findlay, SI Chemical Data, 3rd ed., New York: Wiley, 1994. Compound H ~ S ~ G Name Formula (kJ·mol−1 ) (J·mol−l·K−1 ) (kJ·mol−1 ) Aluminum Al(s) 0 +28 0 Al(g) +330 +165 +290 Al3+(aq) −538 −325 −492 aluminate ion Al(OH)4 − (aq) −1502 +103 −1305 bromide AlBr3(s) −511 +180 −489 carbide Al4C3(s) −209 +89 −196 chloride AlCl3(s) −704 +111 −629 chloride hexahydrate AlCI3·6H20(s) −2692 +318 −2261 fluoride AlF3(s) −1510 +66 −1431 iodide AlI3(s) −314 +159 −301 nitride AlN(s) −318 +20 −287 oxide Al2O3(s) −1676 +51 −1582 phosphate AlPO4(s) −1734 +91 −1618 sulfate Al2(SO4)3(s) −3441 +239 −3100 Ammonium NH4 + (aq) −133 +111 −79 bromide NH4Br(s) −271 +113 −175 chloride NH4CI(s) −314 +95 −203 fluoride NH4F(s) −464 +72 −349 iodide NH4I(s) −201 +117 −113
nitrate NH4NO3 (s) +151 NH4)2SO4(s) +220 902 NH4VO3(s) +141 Antimony nacho SbCls() +301 -350 Sb2o5(s) 972 829 SbBr(s) trihydride Sbh3(g) triodide 215 trioxide Sb2O3(s) +110 -634 trisulfide Sb2S3(s) 174 Arsenic As(s)(grey) Asg) 302 +261 tafluorid AsFs(g) -1237 +317 l170 AS2O5(s) +105 AsBr3(s) trichloride AsCl3(D) -305 +216 trifluoride AsF3(D) 786 +289 trihydride(arsine) AsH3 (g) triiodide Asl3(s) +213 trioxide AS2O3(s) -576 trisulfide AS2S3(s) -169 +63 +180 Baf(ag) 10 bromide BaBri(s) 737 BaCO3(s) +112 Bacl2(s) 859 810 chloride dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O(s) fluoride BaF2(s) 1207 hydroxide Baloh)2(s) +101 856 hydroxide octahydrate a(OH)z·8H2O(s) 3342 -2793 iodide Balz(s) 605 +165 285
285 nitrate NH4NO3(s) −366 +151 −184 sulfate (NH4)2SO4(s) −1181 +220 −902 vanadate NH4VO3(s) −1053 +141 −888 Antimony Sb(s) 0 +46 0 Sb(g) +262 +180 +222 pentachloride SbCl5(l) −440 +301 −350 pentaoxide Sb2O5(s) −972 +125 −829 tribromide SbBr3(s) −259 +207 −239 trichloride SbCl3(s) −382 +184 −324 trihydride SbH3(g) +145 +233 +148 triodide SbI3(s) −100 +215 −99 trioxide Sb2O3(s) −720 +110 −634 trisulfide Sb2S3(s) −175 +182 −174 Arsenic As(s) (grey) 0 +35 0 As(g) +302 +174 +261 pentafluoride AsF5(g) −1237 +317 −1170 pentaoxide As2O5(s) −925 +105 −782 tribromide AsBr3(s) −130 +364 −159 trichloride AsC13(l) −305 +216 −259 trifluoride AsF3(l) −786 +289 −771 trihydride (arsine) AsH3(g) +66 +223 +69 triiodide AsI3(s) −58 +213 −59 trioxide As2O3(s) −57 +107 −576 trisulfide As2S3(s) −169 +164 −169 Barium Ba(s) 0 +63 0 Ba(g) +180 +170 +146 Ba2+ (aq) −538 +10 −561 bromide BaBr2(s) −757 +146 −737 carbonate BaCO3(s) −216 +112 −1138 chloride BaCl2(s) −859 +124 −810 chloride dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O(s) −1460 +203 −1296 fluoride BaF2(s) −1207 +96 −1157 hydroxide Ba(OH)2(s) −945 +101 −856 hydroxide octahydrate Ba(OH)2·8H2O(s) −3342 +427 −2793 iodide BaI2(s) −605 +165 −601