精品课程生理学习题库 Endocrine System Instructions: Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Question #1 A hormone that is involved in the regulation of adrenal steroid production is secreted by A.cells of the adrenal medulla tuitaryc trope C.cells of the pancreatic islets D.cells of the parathyroid gland E.thyroid follicular cells Question #2 which of the following cells binds follicle stimlating hormone (FSH)? A.spermatogonia B.primary spermatocytes C.secondary spermatocytes E Sertoli cells Question3 Hormones are synthesized,stored and released by regulated exocytosis from A.liver B.exocrine pancreas gall bladder D.enteroendocrine cells Question #4 Vitanin D A is produced in the dermis B.is required for the incorporation of circulating calcium from the blood into the bones C.deficiency results in premature calcification of growing bones D.in excess causes the disease rickets E.is essential for the uptake of calcium in the intestine Question #5
精品课程生理学习题库 Endocrine System Instructions: Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Question # 1 A hormone that is involved in the regulation of adrenal steroid production is secreted by A. cells of the adrenal medulla B. anterior pituitary corticotropes C. cells of the pancreatic islets D. cells of the parathyroid gland E. thyroid follicular cells -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 2 Which of the following cells binds follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)? A. spermatogonia B. primary spermatocytes C. secondary spermatocytes D. spermatids E. Sertoli cells -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 3 Hormones are synthesized, stored and released by regulated exocytosis from A. liver B. exocrine pancreas C. gall bladder D. enteroendocrine cells -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 4 Vitamin D A. is produced in the dermis B. is required for the incorporation of circulating calcium from the blood into the bones C. deficiency results in premature calcification of growing bones D. in excess causes the disease rickets E. is essential for the uptake of calcium in the intestine -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 5
All of the following features are shared by granulosa luetin cells and adrenal zona fasciculata cells EXCEPT A abundant dense core secretory granules B.extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum C.numerous aitochondria D.accumulations of lipid droplets Question #6 When the cells of the exocrine pancreas are exposed to hormones from the enteroendocrine cells of the G.I.tract,they release A the enzyme enteropeptidase B.the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) C.the glucoregulatory horones insulin and glucagon D.both a bicarbonate rich fluid and enzymes that are required for digestion Question#7 All of the following staterents are true for the endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the signals from the G.1.tract stimlate the release of inactive enzy B.the blood supply first reaches the insulin-producing cells in the core of the islet C.the glucagon-producing cells are located in the periphery of the islet D.paracrine communication serves to coordinate the responses of the endocrine cells The hypothalamic neurons that supply the posterior pituitary A synapse directly on their target cells B.release either growth hormone or prolactin C.contain neurosecretory granules that accumulate in axon terminals D.release hormone into the hypophyseal portal blood system Question#9 Hyperplasia of growth hormone-secreting cells in the anterior pituitary is associated with A diabetes type 1 B.endenic goiter adrenal hyperfunction E.altered calcium homeostasis Question 10 Cells that have extensive smooth ER,mitochondria and lipid droplets are likely
All of the following features are shared by granulosa luetin cells and adrenal zona fasciculata cells EXCEPT A. abundant dense core secretory granules B. extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. numerous mitochondria D. accumulations of lipid droplets -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 6 When the cells of the exocrine pancreas are exposed to hormones from the enteroendocrine cells of the G.I. tract, they release A. the enzyme enteropeptidase B. the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) C. the glucoregulatory hormones insulin and glucagon D. both a bicarbonate rich fluid and enzymes that are required for digestion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 7 All of the following statements are true for the endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas EXCEPT A. hormone signals from the G.I. tract stimulate the release of inactive enzymes B. the blood supply first reaches the insulin-producing cells in the core of the islet C. the glucagon-producing cells are located in the periphery of the islet D. paracrine communication serves to coordinate the responses of the endocrine cells -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 8 The hypothalamic neurons that supply the posterior pituitary A. synapse directly on their target cells B. release either growth hormone or prolactin C. contain neurosecretory granules that accumulate in axon terminals D. release hormone into the hypophyseal portal blood system -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 9 Hyperplasia of growth hormone-secreting cells in the anterior pituitary is associated with A. diabetes type 1 B. endemic goiter C. acromegaly D. adrenal hyperfunction E. altered calcium homeostasis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 10 Cells that have extensive smooth ER, mitochondria and lipid droplets are likely
A to be found in the adrenal medulla B.to be involved in the synthesis of biogenic amines D.to be involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones Question 11 All of the following are characteristies of the hypothalamic neurons that supply the posterior pituitary EXCEPT A they symapse directly on target cells B.they secrete either oxytocin or vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone,ADH) neurosecretory granules accurulate in terminal Herring bodies D.hormone is released into the general circulatory system E.they are supported by a type of glial cell known as pituicytes Question#12 The synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by thyroid follicular cells requires all of the following EXCEPT A.the processing of mature horrone in regulated secretory granules B.the extracellular storage of an inactive precursor protein the uptake of dietary iodide from the bloo the recovery of thyroglobulin from the lunen by endocytosis E.stimulation by an anterior pituitary hormone Question#13 The target cells for the endocrine hormones A.possess receptors that bind specific hormones in the blood B.respond to changes in hormone concentration in the blood C.typically initiate a feedback response to the hormone D.can respond to the temporal pattern (frequency)of hormone in the blood E all of the above Question#14 Receptors that sense serum calcium levels are found in A.cells of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla B.anterior pituitary cells of the parathyroid gland E.thyroid follicular cells Question 15
A. to be found in the adrenal medulla B. to be involved in the synthesis of biogenic amines C. to be involved in the synthesis of inactive zymogens D. to be involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 11 All of the following are characteristics of the hypothalamic neurons that supply the posterior pituitary EXCEPT A. they synapse directly on target cells B. they secrete either oxytocin or vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) C. neurosecretory granules accumulate in terminal Herring bodies D. hormone is released into the general circulatory system E. they are supported by a type of glial cell known as pituicytes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 12 The synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by thyroid follicular cells requires all of the following EXCEPT A. the processing of mature hormone in regulated secretory granules B. the extracellular storage of an inactive precursor protein C. the uptake of dietary iodide from the blood D. the recovery of thyroglobulin from the lumen by endocytosis E. stimulation by an anterior pituitary hormone -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 13 The target cells for the endocrine hormones A. possess receptors that bind specific hormones in the blood B. respond to changes in hormone concentration in the blood C. typically initiate a feedback response to the hormone D. can respond to the temporal pattern (frequency) of hormone in the blood E. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 14 Receptors that sense serum calcium levels are found in A. cells of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla B. anterior pituitary somatotropes C. cells of the pancreatic islets D. cells of the parathyroid gland E. thyroid follicular cells -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 15
Which one of the following processes accounts for the low level of proinsulin normally found in circulating blood? A.selective binding of proinsulin by A cells within the islet B.efficient endocytosis of proinsulin in the liver C.efficient conversion of proinsulin to insulin within maturing secretion granules D.efficient conversion of proinsulin to insulin before exit from the ER E efficient processing of proinsulin by a serum protease imediately after exocytosis Question#16 The hypophyseal portal veins comprise an essential route for releasing factor-nediated secretion of all the following pituitary hormones EXCEPT A.ACTH B.vasopressin C.prolactin D.growth hormone E.follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Question#17 In response to decreases in seru calcium below normal levels,parathyroid chief cells A stop synthesizing parathyroid hormone B.stop processing proparathyroid hormone C.increase cell surface calciun receptors D.increase parathyroid hormone secretion E stop dividing Which one of the following alternatives represents the correct pathway for synthesis,storage and secretion of biogenic amines like noradrenaline (norepinephrine)? A.proteolysis from a polypeptide precursor.storage in granules.discharge by exocytosis B.synthesis in smooth ER and miotochondria,release through the plasm membrane without storage C.production by lysosomal degradation,diffusion through the plasna membrane without storage D.synthesis from decarboxylated amino acids,uptake into secretion granules,discharge by exocytosis E.production in the ER and passage through the intracellular transport pathway without storage of cholesteryl ester droplets? A.cells of the adrenal zona fasciculata B.A cells of the endocrine pancreas C.thyroid folliclar cells
Which one of the following processes accounts for the low level of proinsulin normally found in circulating blood? A. selective binding of proinsulin by A cells within the islet B. efficient endocytosis of proinsulin in the liver C. efficient conversion of proinsulin to insulin within maturing secretion granules D. efficient conversion of proinsulin to insulin before exit from the ER E. efficient processing of proinsulin by a serum protease immediately after exocytosis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 16 The hypophyseal portal veins comprise an essential route for releasing factor-mediated secretion of all the following pituitary hormones EXCEPT A. ACTH B. vasopressin C. prolactin D. growth hormone E. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 17 In response to decreases in serum calcium below normal levels, parathyroid chief cells A. stop synthesizing parathyroid hormone B. stop processing proparathyroid hormone C. increase cell surface calcium receptors D. increase parathyroid hormone secretion E. stop dividing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 18 Which one of the following alternatives represents the correct pathway for synthesis, storage and secretion of biogenic amines like noradrenaline (norepinephrine)? A. proteolysis from a polypeptide precursor, storage in granules, discharge by exocytosis B. synthesis in smooth ER and miotochondria, release through the plasma membrane without storage C. production by lysosomal degradation, diffusion through the plasma membrane without storage D. synthesis from decarboxylated amino acids, uptake into secretion granules, discharge by exocytosis E. production in the ER and passage through the intracellular transport pathway without storage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 19 which of the following cell types is easily recognized in the microscope by its rich cytoplasmic content of cholesteryl ester droplets? A. cells of the adrenal zona fasciculata B. A cells of the endocrine pancreas C. thyroid folliclar cells D. neurohypophyseal
E none of the above Question#20 lodination of tyrosine residues during thyroid horone synthesis occurs A.during synthesis of tyrosyl-tRNA B.co-translationally during translocation of thyroglobulin in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum C.afer discharge of thyroglobulin into the follicular lumen D.within the lysosome during thyroglobulin degradation at the basolateral plasm ebrane during release of 3or T4 Question#21 Which one of the following describes the relationship of thyroid follicuular and parafollicular cells? A parafollicular cells regulate thyroxine production in follicular cells B follicular cells regulate calcitonin production by parafollicular cells parafolliclar cells produce the plasaa carrier protein for thyroid hormone D.parafollicular cells regulate iodine uptake by follicular cells E.although closely juxtaposed,there is little or no direct functional interrelationship between the two cell types Interruption in the function of the hypophyseal portal system would have which one of the following effects? A.inhibition of ejection of milk from the manmary gland B.suppression of ovulation C.stimlation of thyrotropin (TSH secretion D.stimulation of epinephrine secretion by the adrenal nedulla E.suppression of bone resorption Question 23 The droplets that characteristicallyfil thecytop ofce of the adrenal fascic ous ow density lipprotein receptors B.lipofuscin C.corticosteroid D.cholesterol ester used for steroid synthesis E.lysosomal hydrolases Question#24 Steroid hormone receptors are characterized by which of the following? A.multiple transmembrane spanning domains B.association with heterotrimeric G proteins
E. none of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 20 Iodination of tyrosine residues during thyroid hormone synthesis occurs A. during synthesis of tyrosyl-tRNA B. co-translationally during translocation of thyroglobulin in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum C. afer discharge of thyroglobulin into the follicular lumen D. within the lysosome during thyroglobulin degradation E. at the basolateral plasma membrane during release of T3 or T4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 21 Which one of the following describes the relationship of thyroid follicuular and parafollicular cells? A. parafollicular cells regulate thyroxine production in follicular cells B. follicular cells regulate calcitonin production by parafollicular cells C. parafolliclar cells produce the plasma carrier protein for thyroid hormone D. parafollicular cells regulate iodine uptake by follicular cells E. although closely juxtaposed, there is little or no direct functional interrelationship between the two cell types -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 22 Interruption in the function of the hypophyseal portal system would have which one of the following effects? A. inhibition of ejection of milk from the mammary gland B. suppression of ovulation C. stimulation of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion D. stimulation of epinephrine secretion by the adrenal medulla E. suppression of bone resorption -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 23 The droplets that characteristically fill the cytoplasm of cells of the adrenal zona fasciculata contain A. numerous low density lipoprotein receptors B. lipofuscin C. corticosteroid D. cholesterol ester used for steroid synthesis E. lysosomal hydrolases -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 24 Steroid hormone receptors are characterized by which of the following? A. multiple transmembrane spanning domains B. association with heterotrimeric G proteins