Seedbed Characteristics • 要紧实，以便种子和根能够接触到土壤颗粒而吸收养分 must be firm to allow seed and root to come in contact with soil particles to absorb moisture； • 要有足够的空隙以利于通气、扎根和水分运动 must be porous to allow air to move, root development, water movement. • If soil is too loose, rain will wash away young plants； • Air and water conduct heat more rapidly than soil, looser soils warm up sooner； • Plant residue on surface insulates, warms up slower, also provides buffer against wind
Seedbed Characteristics • 要紧实，以便种子和根能够接触到土壤颗粒而吸收养分 must be firm to allow seed and root to come in contact with soil particles to absorb moisture； • 要有足够的空隙以利于通气、扎根和水分运动 must be porous to allow air to move, root development, water movement. • If soil is too loose, rain will wash away young plants； • Air and water conduct heat more rapidly than soil, looser soils warm up sooner； • Plant residue on surface insulates, warms up slower, also provides buffer against wind
What is the definition of a weed? 什么是杂草 • A plant that grows out of place • -tillage can cut roots or bury weeds
What is the definition of a weed? 什么是杂草 • A plant that grows out of place • -tillage can cut roots or bury weeds
Is crop residue a benefit or detriment? 作物残茬的利用 • Definitely a benefit 当然是有益的 • It helps control erosion, retain water, improve tilth 它有益 于防止土壤侵蚀、保持水分、改良耕层土壤结构。 – dark soils absorb light, warm up quicker; residue insulates, warms slower – in wet areas soil is plowed; in dry areas leave residue
Is crop residue a benefit or detriment? 作物残茬的利用 • Definitely a benefit 当然是有益的 • It helps control erosion, retain water, improve tilth 它有益 于防止土壤侵蚀、保持水分、改良耕层土壤结构。 – dark soils absorb light, warm up quicker; residue insulates, warms slower – in wet areas soil is plowed; in dry areas leave residue
耕作机具的作用 1. 松碎土壤 to loosen the soil 2. 翻转耕层 to turn over the soil 3. 混拌土壤 to blend the soil 4. 平整地面 to flatten the soil surface 5. 压紧土壤 to compact the soil 6. 开沟、培垄、打埂、做畦 to make furrow and ridges 土壤耕作的作用是通过机具的运用来实现的， 因此，土壤耕作的效果和效率取决于机具的性能
耕作机具的作用 1. 松碎土壤 to loosen the soil 2. 翻转耕层 to turn over the soil 3. 混拌土壤 to blend the soil 4. 平整地面 to flatten the soil surface 5. 压紧土壤 to compact the soil 6. 开沟、培垄、打埂、做畦 to make furrow and ridges 土壤耕作的作用是通过机具的运用来实现的， 因此，土壤耕作的效果和效率取决于机具的性能
What is primary tillage? 什么是基本耕作 入土深、作用强烈、能显著改变耕层物理性状、 后效较长的土壤耕作措施。一般在种植作物播种之前 进行。 – the first tillage operation of a season – loosen soil to permit air and water to penetrate
What is primary tillage? 什么是基本耕作 入土深、作用强烈、能显著改变耕层物理性状、 后效较长的土壤耕作措施。一般在种植作物播种之前 进行。 – the first tillage operation of a season – loosen soil to permit air and water to penetrate