A2。 The reason The ubiquitous enemy Worms e.g. tapeworms, filaria (蠕虫) (绦虫,丝虫) Protozoans e.g. trypanosomeS, leishmania, malaria (原生动物) (锥虫,利什曼原虫,疟原虫) Fungl e.g. Candida, aspergillus (真菌) (念珠菌,曲霉属) Bacteria e.g. E coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus (细菌) (大肠杆菌,葡萄球菌,链球菌) Ⅴirus e.g. polio, pox viruses, influenza, hepatitis B (病毒) (脊髓灰质炎病毒,梅毒病毒,流感病毒)
A2. The reason The ubiquitous enemy Worms e.g. tapeworms,filaria (蠕虫) (绦虫,丝虫) Protozoans e.g. trypanosomes, leishmania, malaria (原生动物) (锥虫,利什曼原虫,疟原虫) Fungi e.g. Candida, aspergillus (真菌) (念珠菌,曲霉属) Bacteria e.g. E.coli, Staphylococcus,Streptococcus (细菌) (大肠杆菌,葡萄球菌,链球菌) Virus e.g. polio,pox viruses,influenza,hepatitisB (病毒) (脊髓灰质炎病毒,梅毒病毒,流感病毒)
免疫对致病菌的防卫作用 Immune protection against pathogens 细胞外 肺炎双球菌 肺炎 细菌寄生虫 破伤风梭菌 破伤风 真菌 Trypanosoma brucei Sleeping sickness 细胞内 分支杆菌 麻风 细菌 Leishmania donovani Leishmaniasis 寄生虫 Plasmodium falciparum 疟疾 病毒 天花 (细胞内) 流感病毒 流感 Varicella Chickenpox Parasitic worms Ascaris ascariasis (细胞外) Schistosoma Schistosomaisis
免疫对致病菌的防卫作用Immune protection against pathogens 致病菌 举例 疾病 细胞外 肺炎双球菌 肺炎 细菌,寄生虫 破伤风梭菌 破伤风 真菌 Trypanosoma brucei Sleeping sickness 细胞内 分支杆菌 麻风 细菌 Leishmania donovani Leishmaniasis 寄生虫 Plasmodium falciparum 疟疾 病毒 Variola 天花 (细胞内) 流感 病毒 流感 Varicella Chickenpox Parasitic worms Ascaris Ascariasis (细胞外) Schistosoma Schistosomaisis
0 0 真曹 米奶 D 补体 细胞因子 ⊙ HCI 0 粒细胞 单核细 噬细胞 小 0 rickettsia 逾 - IgA
粒细胞 浆细胞 单核细胞 巨噬细胞 T细胞 B细胞 免疫球蛋白 补体 细胞因子 rickettsia
细菌( bacteria) Rod-Shaped Bacterium, E. coli SEMx2245)E.co(0157:H7)-a rod prokaryote. Hemorrhagic type Plastic kitchen cutting board surface rod bacteria in a smooth matrix filamentous bacteria(丝状菌) smooth oval cells; fungal hyphae(N 菌菌丝) with textured spores(结 构孢子)(x2270)
Plastic kitchen cutting board surface - rod bacteria in a smooth matrix; filamentous bacteria ( 丝状菌 ) - smooth oval cells; fungal hyphae ( 真 菌菌丝 ) with textured spores ( 结 构孢子 ) (x 2,270) Rod-Shaped Bacterium, E. coli (SEM x22,245) E. coli (0157:H7) - a rod prokaryote. Hemorrhagic type 细菌(bacteria)
痢疾杆菌 Shigella sonnei-rod prokaryote; causes shigellosis (bacterial dysentery)(x 22, 400 伤寒杆菌 Salmone|a- rod prokaryote note the flagella. causes salmonellosis ( food poisoning).(x 20,800) 霍乱弧菌Ⅶ brio cholerae- ribrio-shaped prokaryote that causes cholera(x15575)
痢疾杆菌 Shigella sonnei - rod prokaryote; causes shigellosis (bacterial dysentery) (x 22,400) 霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae - vibrio-shaped prokaryote that causes cholera (x 15,575) 伤寒杆菌 Salmonella - rod prokaryote ; note the flagella. Causes salmonellosis (food poisoning). (x 20,800)