Medical genetics Cancer genetics Yongbo wang(王勇波) 2014-12-26 Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Schoolof Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University
Yongbo Wang（王勇波） 2014-12-26 Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Cancer Genetics Medical genetics
Outline 1. What Is Cancer? Introduction of the basic concepts 2. What Causes Cancer? a Genetic underpinnings of cancer Three types of Cancer Critical Genes Cancer initiation and progression 3. How to Prevent and Diagnose Cancer? Utilization the knowledge we learned from cancer genetIcs
1. What Is Cancer? ◼ Introduction of the basic concepts 2. What Causes Cancer? ◼ Genetic underpinnings of cancer ◼ Three types of Cancer Critical Genes ◼ Cancer initiation and progression 3. How to Prevent and Diagnose Cancer? ◼ Utilization the knowledge we learned from cancer genetics Outline
What Is cancer Cancer is the most virulent disease and soon becoming the leading cause of death worldwide: as many as ca. 1 in 3 individuals develop cancer and 1 in 4 will die of it Percentage of all deaths due to five leading causes of death by year United States 1935-2010) All other causes Stroke Accidents(unintentional injuries) Influenza and pneumonia Certain diseases of early infancy Kidney disease Heart disease Chronic lower respiratory diseases 100 it 9351940 1970 1980 990 2000 NOTE: 2010 data are preliminary SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db88.htm
◼ Cancer is the most virulent disease and soon becoming the leading cause of death worldwide: as many as ca. 1 in 3 individuals develop cancer and 1 in 4 will die of it. 1. What Is Cancer? (Percentage of all deaths due to five leading causes of death by year: United States, 1935–2010.) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db88.htm
An abnormal cell that grows and proliferates out of control will give rise to tumor or neoplasm. Benign: as long as the tumor cells do not become Invasive Malignant: tumor cells have acquired the a bility to invade surrounding tissues. a a tumor is considered a cancer only if it is malignant Metastasis: spread of malignant tumor cells throughout the body (typically through the blood and lymphatic system)
◼ An abnormal cell that grows and proliferates out of control will give rise to tumor or neoplasm. ◼ Benign: as long as the tumor cells do not become invasive; ◼ Malignant: tumor cells have acquired the ability to invade surrounding tissues. ◼ A tumor is considered a cancer only if it is malignant. ◼ Metastasis: spread of malignant tumor cells throughout the body (typically through the blood and lymphatic system)
There are a large variety types of cancer which are classified according to the tissue and cell type from which they derive: carcinoma(arising from epithelial cells), sarcoma (from connective tissue or muscle cells), leukemia and lymphoma (from hemopoietic cells), cancers derived from cells of nervous system etc EPITHELIUM=> CARCINOMA (About 80%of human cancers Basal Lamina Collagen MESENCHYMAL ORIGIN >SARcoMA … fibro|asts … blood vessels blood cells muscle … adipocytes(fat) bone car tilage
◼ There are a large variety types of cancer which are classified according to the tissue and cell type from which they derive: carcinoma (arising from epithelial cells), sarcoma (from connective tissue or muscle cells), leukemia and lymphoma (from hemopoietic cells), cancers derived from cells of nervous system etc. (About 80% of human cancers)