CONGESTION Liver Acute hepatic congestion LM: Dilation of central vein and sinusoids with blood Atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of central hepatocytes
CONGESTION Liver: Acute hepatic congestion LM: — Dilation of central vein and sinusoids with blood — Atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of central hepatocytes
CONGESTION Liver Chronic hepatic congestion Nutmeg liver Gross: red-brown zones accentuated against the yellow surrounding zones LM: centrilobular necrosis and congestion, and perilobular fatty change fibrosis Long-standing, severe hepatic congestion hepatic fibrosis(cardiac cirrhosis)
CONGESTION Liver: Chronic hepatic congestion Nutmeg liver Gross: red-brown zones accentuated against the yellow surrounding zones LM: centrilobular necrosis and congestion, and perilobular fatty change; fibrosis Long-standing, severe hepatic congestion: hepatic fibrosis (cardiac cirrhosis)
HEMORRHAGE(出血 Causes Rupture of blood vessels Trauma Peptic ulcer, aneurism atherosclerosis Diapedesis Enlarged interendothelial gap(basement membrane injury) The intergrity of the vessels remains intact Injury to vascular wall: sever infection, anoxia, toxins Change in number and quality of platelets uremia, leukemia, idiopathic Disturbance of coagulation mechanism congenital disease, DIC, deficiency of Vit K
Hemorrhage （出血） Causes • Rupture of blood vessels Trauma Peptic ulcer, aneurism, atherosclerosis • Diapedesis Enlarged interendothelial gap (basement membrane injury). The intergrity of the vessels remains intact Injury to vascular wall: sever infection, anoxia, toxins Change in number and quality of platelets uremia, leukemia, idiopathic Disturbance of coagulation mechanism congenital disease, DIC , deficiency of Vit. K
HEMORRHAGE Petechiae The clinical significance Purpuras depends on the volume, °Ecc/ cymose · Hematoma the rate of loss and · Hemothorax he site · Hemopericardium Hemorrhagic shock Hemoperitoneum Stroke · hemarthrosis
hemorrhage • Petechiae • Purpuras • Ecchymoses • Hematoma • Hemothorax • Hemopericardium • Hemoperitoneum • hemoarthrosis The clinical significance depends on the volume, the rate of loss and the site. • Hemorrhagic shock • Stroke