Contents of Today S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Review previous Second law Functions F and G Property relation Property relation derived from U,H,F,and G etc. SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring2005©X.J.Jin Lecture 5 property relation
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring 2005 © X. J. Jin Lecture 5 property relation Contents of Today Review previous Second law Functions F and G Property relation Property relation derived from U, H, F, and G etc
Review S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications 2nd law Entropy as a state function Carnot cycle Heat engine Refrigerator Heat pumps Entropy changes in chemical reactions 3rd law SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring2005©X.J.Jin Lecture 5 property relation
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring 2005 © X. J. Jin Lecture 5 property relation Review 2nd law Entropy as a state function / Carnot cycle Heat engine Refrigerator Heat pumps Entropy changes in chemical reactions 3rd law
Index of nomenclature S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Second Law?第二定律 Entropy熵 Heat engine热机 Refrigerator?冰箱 Heat Pump热泵 Third law第三定律 SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring2005©X.J.Jin Lecture 5 property relation
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring 2005 © X. J. Jin Lecture 5 property relation Index of nomenclature Second Law第二定律 Entropy熵 Heat engine热机 Refrigerator冰箱 Heat Pump热泵 Third law第三定律
Entropy as a State Function(3) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications B 兴-)9)， 兴)=兰)-〔) 这一积分的数值与积分的途径无关，代表着某个状 态的改变量，定义为熵 For a close system the reversible heat flow divided by the absolute temperature of the system is a state or point function. SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring2005©X.J.Jin Lecture 5 property relation
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring 2005 © X. J. Jin Lecture 5 property relation Entropy as a State Function(3) ⎟ = 0 ⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ⎟ + ⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ = ∫∫∫ α β δδ δ AB r BA r r TQ TQ TQ α β β δ δ δ ∫∫∫ ⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ⎟ = ⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ⎟ −= ⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ BA r AB r BA r TQ TQ TQ P V A B α β 这一积分的数值与积分的途径无关，代表着某个状 态的改变量，定义为熵 For a close system the reversible heat flow divided by the absolute temperature of the system is a state or point function
第二定律 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications 1842年在热力学第一定律被发现之前，卡诺定理 工作在两个热源之间的热机以卡诺热机的效率最高 卡诺认为：热机是通过把热量从高温热源传到低温热源而作功的， 热量本身并没有消耗。犹如水力作功，热质说。 热力学第二定律/否定的方式来阐述的！ Clausius:不可能把热量从低温物体传到高温物体而不引起其它变化 。1850年 Kelvin:不可能从单一热源吸热使之完全变成有用的功而不引起其它 的变化：1851年/第二类永动机机不可能 强调“不引起其它变化” 最终的唯一效果 SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring 2005( X.J.Jin Lecture 5 property relation
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Physical Chemistry of Materials Spring 2005 © X. J. Jin Lecture 5 property relation 第二定律 1842年在热力学第一定律被发现之前，卡诺定理 工作在两个热源之间的热机以卡诺热机的效率最高 卡诺认为：热机是通过把热量从高温热源传到低温热源而作功的， 热量本身并没有消耗。犹如水力作功，热质说。 热力学第二定律/否定的方式来阐述的！ Clausius: 不可能把热量从低温物体传到高温物体而不引起其它变化 。1850年 Kelvin: 不可能从单一热源吸热使之完全变成有用的功而不引起其它 的变化；1851年 /第二类永动机机不可能 强调“不引起其它变化” 最终的唯一效果