第十章内分泌 概述 下丘脑与垂体 3 用状腺 4 调节钙磷代谢的激素 5 胰岛 6 肾上腺 其它内分泌器官
Contents 1 概 述 2 下丘脑与垂体 3 甲状腺 4 调节钙磷代谢的激素 5 胰 岛 6 肾上腺 7 其它内分泌器官 第十章 内分泌
内分泌（录像） Figure 11.1.(a)The anatomy of some of the endocrine glands. (b)An islet of Langerhans within the pancreas. 内分泌系统 endocrine Pineal body 内分泌腺 Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Parethyroid glands 内分泌细胞 (behind thyroid gland) 激素(hormone):由内分 Adrenal 泌腺或散在的内分泌细 Pancreas- 胞分泌的高效能生物活 Ovary 性物质
内分泌系统 endocrine 内分泌（录像） 内分泌腺 内分泌细胞 激 素 (hormone):由内分 泌腺或散在的内分泌细 胞分泌的高效能生物活 性物质
激素作用的途径 ● ● Autocrine Target Hormone Response Paracrine Target A Hormone Response Endocrine Target Hormone Hormone Cell B Response Bloodstream Neurocrine Torget ℃eA Homone→@0 Response Axon Blaodstream
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 激素作用的途径
激素的分类 1)含氨激素 A.肽类和蛋白质类Proteins and Polypeptides B.胺类激素Amine hormone:N,NE,T 2)类固醇（甾体）激素Steroids 皮质醇、醛固酮、雌激素、孕激素、雄激素 胆固醇衍生物：1,25-二羟维生素D3
1)含氮激素 A.肽类和蛋白质类 Proteins and Polypeptides B.胺类激素 Amine hormone：N, NE, T 2)类固醇(甾体)激素 Steroids 皮质醇、醛固酮、雌激素、孕激素、雄激素 胆固醇衍生物：1,25-二羟维生素D3。 激素的分类
激素的合成与释放 mRNA Signal sequence Ribosome Golgi apparatus Messenger RNA on the ribosomes of the ER binds amino acids into a Preprohormone peptide chain called a preprohormone. The chain is directed into the ER lumen by a signal sequence of amino acids. Prohormone Endoplasmic 2Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal reticulum(ER) sequence,creating an inactive prohormone. The prohormone passes from the ER through the Golgi apparatus. Active hormone Peptide Secretory vesicles containing enzymes Prohormone fragment and prohormone bud off the Golgi.The enzymes chop the prohormone into one Release Secretory or more active peptides plus additional vesicle signal peptide fragments. The secretory vesicle releases its contents by exocytosis into the y extracellular space. Extracellular space Blood 6 The hormone moves into the circulation 6 vessel for transport to its target
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 激素的合成与释放