《测绘专业英语》课程教学讲稿.doc_P11-P15

regarded asrelatedbut separateareas.（另外，最近的数据采集和处理技术的发展模糊了以前被认为有联系却分离的领域的【实践的活动的practice and activity】界限）Suchdevelopments are forecasttocontinue and will create new career pathsfor graduates whose education and training is broadly based and ofahighacademic standard.（可以预见【forecast】，这种发展继续并将为涉猎广泛、学识一流的【broadlybased and of a high academic standard】毕业生创造新的事业。）To enable graduates to take fulladvantage of these developments, significant changes in education and training arerequired（为了使毕华业生能充分利用【takefulladvantageof】这些发展，教育和训练的重大改革【significantchanges】成为必需的）Academic and professional institutions are also responding,in part,byadopting thetermgeomaticsbothasa courseand as an award title.（学院的和专业的机构也作出反应，部分地，采用术语“geomatics作为一门课程和一项授予资格【授予学位名称】）。Aworkingdefinitionofgeomatics，whichreflectscurrent thinkingand predicted change,is：（测绘学的一个现在使用的反映了当前的思想和对未来的预期的定义是：）The science and technology of acquiring,storing,processing,managing,analyzing andpresentinggeographicallyreferenced information(geo-spatialdata）（获取、处理、存储，分析和上呈【presenting呈现】地理参考信息（地理空间信息）的科学和技术。）Thisbroadtermappliesbothtoscience and technology,and mapping,geodesy,satellite positioning,photogrammetry,remote sensing.geographic information systems(GIS), land management,computer systems, environmental visualization andcomputergraphics.（这个广泛的术语应用于科学和技术，以及制图、大地测量学、卫星定位、摄影测量学、遥感、地理信息系统、土地管理、计算机系统、环境可视化和计算机制图等领域）Severaltermssuch as "geomatics", "geomatic engineering." and "geoinformatics" are now in common use pertaining toactivitiesgenerallyconcernedwithgeographic information（现在一些术语如“测绘学”，“测绘工程”“地学信息学”和共同应用于某些活动中一一一专属于【pertainto】【generally】通常涉及【concernwith】地理信息的活动。）These termshavebeen adopted primarilytorepresentthegeneralapproachthatgeographicinformationiscollected,managed，andapplied。（这些术语起初被采用用来表示地理信息的采集、管理和应用的总体的方法。）Alongwithlandsurveying，photogrammetry，remotesensing，andcartography,GISisanimportantcomponentofgeomatics.（连同土地测量学，摄影测量学，遥感和制图学一起，GIS也是测绘学中重要的一个组成部分。）BranchesofGeomatics（测绘学分支）Data acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system(GPS), satellite positioningandremotelysensed imageryobtainedthroughaerial photographyandsatelliteimagery.（数据获取技术包括普通野外测量，GPS测量，卫星定位和遥感图像获取，通过航空摄影和卫星成像）Italsoincludesthe11

11 regarded as related but separate areas. （另外，最近的数据采集和处理技术的发展模糊了以前被认为有联系却分离的领域的【实践的活动的 practice and activity】界限） Such developments are forecast to continue and will create new career paths for graduates whose education and training is broadly based and of a high academic standard.（可以预见【forecast】，这种发展继续并将为涉猎广泛、学识一流的【broadly based and of a high academic standard】毕业生创造新的事业。） To enable graduates to take full advantage of these developments, significant changes in education and training are required.（为了使毕业生能充分利用【take full advantage of】这些发展，教育和训练的重大改革【significant changes】成为必需的） Academic and professional institutions are also responding, in part, by adopting the term geomatics both as a course and as an award title. （学院的和专业的机构也作出反应，部分地，采用术语“geomatics” 作为一门课程和一项授予资格【授予学位名称】）。 A working definition of geomatics, which reflects current thinking and predicted change, is:（测绘学的一个现在使用的反映了当前的思想和对未来的预期的定义是：） The science and technology of acquiring, storing, processing, managing, analyzing and presenting geographically referenced information(geo-spatial data ).（获取、处理、存储，分析和上呈【presenting 呈现】地理参考信息（地理空间信息）的科学和技术。） This broad term applies both to science and technology, and mapping, geodesy, satellite positioning, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems(GIS), land management ,computer systems, environmental visualization and computer graphics.（这个广泛的术语应用于科学和技术，以及制图、大地测量学、卫星定位、摄影测量学、遥感、地理信息系统、土地管理、计算机系统、环境可视化和计算机制图等领域） Several terms such as “geomatics” , “geomatic engineering,” and “geoinformatics” are now in common use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geographic information.（现在一些术语如 “测绘学” ， “测绘工程” “地学信息学” 和共同应用于某些活动中―――专属于【pertain to】【generally】通常涉及【concern with】地理信息的活动。） These terms have been adopted primarily to represent the general approach that geographic information is collected, managed, and applied. （这些术语起初被采用用来表示地理信息的采集、管理和应用的总体的方法。） Along with land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and cartography, GIS is an important component of geomatics. （连同土地测量学，摄影测量学，遥感和制图学一起，GIS 也是测绘学中重要的一个组成部分。） Branches of Geomatics（测绘学分支） Data acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system(GPS), satellite positioning, and remotely sensed imagery obtained through aerial photography and satellite imagery. （数据获取技术包括普通野外测量，GPS 测量，卫星定位和遥感图像获取，通过航空摄影和卫星成像） It also includes the

acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and data collected by related agencies.（它还包括数据库资料的获取一一通过扫描就有地图和设计图，还有有关机构收集的数据。）Datamanagement and process are handled through the use of computer programs for engineering design, digitalphotogrammetry,image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information systems(GIS)（通过计算机程序，数据管理和处理应用于工程设计，数字摄影测量【digitalphotogrammetry），图像分析，相关资料库的管理和GIS。）Dataplotting(presentation）ishandledthrough the use of mapping and other illustrative computer programs, the presentations are displayed oncomputer screens(whereinteractive editingcan occur)andare output onpaperfrom digital plottingdevices（数据成图【数字成图】是通过制图和其他直观的计算机程序【illustrative直观的、说明性的】进行的；其表达显示在计算机屏幕上（交互式编辑处理），也可以通过数字绘图仪输出到纸上。【handle操作、处理】）Oncethepositionsandattributesofgeographicentitieshavebeendigitizedandstoredincomputermemory，theyareavailableforusebyawidevarietyofusers.（一旦地理实体的位置和属性被数字化并被存储进计算机存储器，就可以有效的【available有效的、可用的】为广泛的各种的使用者所用）Through the use ofmodern information technology(IT),geomatics brings together professionals inthefollowing disciplines: surveying,mapping remote sensing, land registration, civil and marine engineeringforestry,agriculture, planning and development, geology, geographical sciences, infrastructure management,navigation，environmental and natural resourcesmonitoring,and computer science.（通过现代【估计moderm应该是modern】信息技术，测绘学将以下学科的专业人员整合到一起：测量学、制图学、遥感、国土注册、土木【civil民用的】工程和海洋工程，林业，农业，决策与发展，地质学，地理科学，基础设施【infrastructure】管理，导航，环境与自然资源监测和计算机科学。）OtherDefinitionsofGeomatics（测绘学的其他定义）As defined by the Canadian Institute of Geomatics in their quarterly journal “Geomatica": Geomatics is afield of activities which, using a systemic approach, integrates all the means used to acquire and managespatial data required as partof scientific,administrative, legal and technical operations【业务】involved inthe process of the productionand managementof spatial information.（加拿大测量学会【Canadian InstituteofGeomatics】在他们的季刊"地球空间信息学”中这样定义：测绘学是利用系统的方法，为生产和处理【management】科学的，行政的，法律的【legal】和技术的业务【operations】所需的空间信息，将所有获取和管理空间信息的方法【means】整合在一起的活动领域。【aspartof作为...）的一部分，这里不翻译出来】The definition of Geomatics is evolving Aworkingdefinition might betheart science and technologies12

12 acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and data collected by related agencies. （它还包括数据库资料的获取――通过扫描就有地图和设计图，还有有关机构收集的数据。） Data management and process are handled through the use of computer programs for engineering design, digital photogrammetry, image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information systems (GIS). （通过计算机程序，数据管理和处理应用于工程设计，数字摄影测量【digital photogrammetry】，图像分析，相关资料库的管理和 GIS。） Data plotting(presentation) is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative computer programs; the presentations are displayed on computer screens(where interactive editing can occur) and are output on paper from digital plotting devices. （数据成图【数字成图】是通过制图和其他直观的计算机程序【illustrative 直观的、说明性的】进行的；其表达显示在计算机屏幕上（交互式编辑处理），也可以通过数字绘图仪输出到纸上。【handle 操作、处理】） Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in computer memory, they are available for use by a wide variety of users.（一旦地理实体的位置和属性被数字化并被存储进计算机存储器，就可以有效的【available 有效的、可用的】为广泛的各种的使用者所用） Through the use of modern information technology(IT), geomatics brings together professionals in the following disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marine engineering, forestry, agriculture, planning and development, geology, geographical sciences, infrastructure management, navigation, environmental and natural resources monitoring, and computer science. （通过现代【估计 moderm 应该是 modern】信息技术，测绘学将以下学科的专业人员整合到一起：测量学、制图学、遥感、国土注册、土木【civil 民用的】工程和海洋工程，林业，农业，决策与发展，地质学，地理科学，基础设施【infrastructure】管理，导航，环境与自然资源监测和计算机科学。） .Other Definitions of Geomatics （测绘学的其他定义） As defined by the Canadian Institute of Geomatics in their quarterly journal “Geomatica”: Geomatics is a field of activities which, using a systemic approach, integrates all the means used to acquire and manage spatial data required as part of scientific, administrative, legal and technical operations【业务】 involved in the process of the production and management of spatial information. （加拿大测量学会【Canadian Institute of Geomatics】在他们的季刊“地球空间信息学”中这样定义：测绘学是利用系统的方法，为生产和处理【management】科学的，行政的，法律的【legal】和技术的业务【operations】所需的空间信息，将所有获取和管理空间信息的方法【means】整合在一起的活动领域。【as part of 作为. ）的一部分，这里不翻译出来】 The definition of Geomatics is evolving. A working definition might be “ the art, science and technologies

related to the management of geographically-referenced information."Geomatics includes a wide range ofactivities, from the acquisition and analysis of site-specific spatial data in engineering and developmensurveys to the application of GIS and remote sensing technologies in environmental management. It includescadastral surveying, hydrographic surveying, and ocean mapping, and it plays an important role in landadministrationandlandusemanagement．（测绘学定义在发展。现行的一个定义是“涉及工艺、科学和技术的地理信息的处理”。测绘学或地球空间信息学包括一个广泛的生产活动一一从工程学和发展了的测量学领域中特殊点的空间数据的获取和分析到GIS和遥感技术在环境管理中的应用。它包括地籍测量、水道测量和海图测量，在土地管理和土地使用中扮演重要的角色。）Geomatics is the modern scientific term referring to the integrated approach of measurement, analysis,management, storage and display of the descriptions and location of Earthbased data, often termed spatialdata.These data comefrommany sources, including earth orbiting satellites,air and sea-borne sensors andground based instruments. It is processed and manipulated with state-of-the-art information technology usingcomputer software and hardware.It has applications in all disciplines which depend on spatial data, includingenvironmental studies, planning, engineering, navigation, geology and geophysics, oceanography,landdevelopment and land ownership and tourism. It is thus fundamental to all the geoscience disciplines whichuse spatiallyrelateddata．（测绘学是一个现代科学术语，用以表示测量、分析、管理，存储和显示基于地球信息，经常被称为空间数据【oftentermedspatialdata】数据的描述和位置的集成方法。这些数据来自各种数据源，包括地球轨道卫星，空载和舰载传感器及地面仪器。利用计算机软件和硬件，借助现代【state-of-the-art】信息技术。它的应用覆盖所有依赖空间数据的学科，包括环境研究，规划，工程学，导航，地质和地球物理学，海洋学，土地开发，土地经营和旅游学。它因而成为所有使用空间数据地球科学学科的基础。）[fromtheSchoolofGeomaticEngineeringUniv.ofNewSouthWales]（摘自新南威尔士大学测绘【或地球空间信息学】工程学院）Geomatics is concerned withthe measurement,representation,analysis,management,retrieval and displayof spatial data concerning both the Earths physical features and the built environment.The principaldisciplines embraced by Geomatics include the mapping sciences, land management, geographic informationsystems,environmentalvisualization，geodesy,photogrammetry,remotesensingandsurveying.（测绘学是测量、表示，分析，处理，重获和显示关于地球物理特征和环境的空间数据的科学。其包括的主要学科有制图学，土地管理，GIS，环境可视化，大地测量学，摄影测量学，遥感和测量学。）[fromtheDeptofGeomaticsatUniv.ofMelbourne】（摘自墨尔本大学测绘学系【或者地球空间信息学系】Geomatics comprises the science,engineering,and art involved in collecting and managing13

13 related to the management of geographically-referenced information.” Geomatics includes a wide range of activities, from the acquisition and analysis of site-specific spatial data in engineering and development surveys to the application of GIS and remote sensing technologies in environmental management. It includes cadastral surveying, hydrographic surveying, and ocean mapping, and it plays an important role in land administration and land use management .（测绘学定义在发展。现行的一个定义是“涉及工艺、科学和技术的地理信息的处理” 。测绘学或地球空间信息学包括一个广泛的生产活动――从工程学和发展了的测量学领域中特殊点的空间数据的获取和分析到 GIS 和遥感技术在环境管理中的应用。它包括地籍测量、水道测量和海图测量，在土地管理和土地使用中扮演重要的角色。） Geomatics is the modern scientific term referring to the integrated approach of measurement, analysis, management, storage and display of the descriptions and location of Earthbased data, often termed spatial data. These data come from many sources, including earth orbiting satellites, air and sea-borne sensors and ground based instruments. It is processed and manipulated with state-of-the-art information technology using computer software and hardware. It has applications in all disciplines which depend on spatial data, including environmental studies, planning, engineering, navigation, geology and geophysics, oceanography, land development and land ownership and tourism. It is thus fundamental to all the geoscience disciplines which use spatially related data .（测绘学是一个现代科学术语，用以表示测量、分析、管理，存储和显示基于地球信息，经常被称为空间数据【often termed spatial data】数据的描述和位置的集成方法。这些数据来自各种数据源，包括地球轨道卫星，空载和舰载传感器及地面仪器。利用计算机软件和硬件，借助现代【state-of-the-art】信息技术。它的应用覆盖所有依赖空间数据的学科，包括环境研究，规划，工程学，导航，地质和地球物理学，海洋学，土地开发，土地经营和旅游学。它因而成为所有使用空间数据地球科学学科的基础。） [from the School of Geomatic Engineering, Univ. of New South Wales] （摘自新南威尔士大学测绘【或地球空间信息学】工程学院） Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of spatial data concerning both the Earths physical features and the built environment. The principal disciplines embraced by Geomatics include the mapping sciences, land management, geographic information systems, environmental visualization, geodesy, photogrammetry, remote sensing and surveying. （测绘学是测量、表示，分析，处理，重获和显示关于地球物理特征和环境的空间数据的科学。其包括的主要学科有制图学，土地管理，GIS，环境可视化，大地测量学，摄影测量学，遥感和测量学。） [from the Dept. of Geomatics at Univ. of Melbourne]（摘自墨尔本大学测绘学系【或者地球空间信息学系】 Geomatics comprises the science, engineering, and art involved in collecting and managing

14 geographically-referenced information. Geographical information plays an important role in activities such as environmental monitoring, management of land and marine resources, and real estate transactions. （测绘学包括自然科学，工程学和工艺或【技术】学；对地理信息的收集与管理。地理信息在环境监测，陆地和海洋资源管理，以及房地产交易【real estate 房地产，transaction 交易】中扮演重要角色。 [from the Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at UNB]（摘自加拿大纽布朗斯维克大学测量与大地测量学系） The science of Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of spatial information describing both the Earth’s physical features and the built environment. Geomatics includes disciplines such as : Surveying, Geodesy, Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, Cartography, Geographic Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems.（测绘学测量，表示，分析，管理，重获和显示空间信息，用来描述地球物理特征和环境。测绘学包括的学科有：测量学，大地测量学，遥感和摄影测量学，制图学，GIS，GPS ） [from the Dept. of Sruveying and Spatial Information Science at the Univ. of Tasmania] （摘自塔斯马尼亚大学，测量与空间信息科学系）课次序号： 3 Unit Three Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying 2 学时一、本单元的重点难点： 1、句子倒装 Attached to the level is a. bubble level, which enables the line of sight to be brought into true horizontal. 2、分析句子结构 Measurements are made by sighting a horizontal line of sight on graduated level rods that are held vertically over various points on a plat of land. 3、however 表示转折 However, with the increasing size and sophistication of engineering and other scientific projects, surveyors who restrict their practice to plane surveying are severely limited in the types of surveys in which they can be engaged. 4、词义引申