Transition Metal Chemistry Multiple Oxidation States Coordination Chemistry/Stereochemistry ● Crystal Field Splitting:Optical and Magnetic Properties Ligand Field Splitting:Spectrochemical Series ● Distortion to Tetragonal,Square Planar 。 Ligand Field Stabilization Energy Hard and Soft Acids and Bases ● Chelate Effect Stereochemical Control of Binding Affinity ● Water Exchange Electron Exchange XV-16
Transition Metal Chemistry • Multiple Oxidation States • Coordination Chemistry/Stereochemistry • Crystal Field Splitting: Optical and Magnetic Properties • Ligand Field Splitting: Spectrochemical Series • Distortion to Tetragonal, Square Planar • Ligand Field Stabilization Energy • Hard and Soft Acids and Bases • Chelate Effect • Stereochemical Control of Binding Affinity • Water Exchange • Electron Exchange XV-16
Organization of Periodic Chart 1s 1s 2p s p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 6s 5d 6p 7s 6d 4f 5f XV-17
1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 1s 2p 3p 4p 5p 6p 3d 4d 5d 6d 4f 5f Organization of Periodic Chart XV-17
r22 Shielding 1s 303p35 Penetration: 3s>3p>3d r 3d orbitals are shielded and not exposed much; Outside world won't know as much how many d e there arexv-i8
Shielding 3d orbitals are shielded and not exposed much; Outside world wonʼt know as much how many d e- there are r2Ψ2 r 1s 3d 3p 3s Penetration: 3s > 3p > 3d XV-18
Transition Metals Are Found in Several Oxidation States Charge to mass ratio of ions:current -e which passes through circuit divided by mass gained on electrode. Ammeter Faraday (1830): discovered this phenomenon and determined the charge to mass O M+ ratio of ions M+ M+ XV-19
Faraday (1830): discovered this phenomenon and determined the charge to mass ratio of ions Transition Metals Are Found in Several Oxidation States M+ M+ M+ M+ Charge to mass ratio of ions: current which passes through circuit divided by mass gained on electrode. Ammeter e- XV-19
Transition Metals Are Found in Several Oxidation States Charge to mass ratio of ions:current ←e which passes through circuit divided by mass gained on electrode. Ammeter Fe(II) Fe(IlI) Fe(IV) Indicate oxidation state by Roman numerals in M+ parentheses M+ M+ M+ XV-20
Fe(II) Fe(III) Fe(IV) Indicate oxidation state by Roman numerals in parentheses Transition Metals Are Found in Several Oxidation States M+ M+ M+ M+ Charge to mass ratio of ions: current which passes through circuit divided by mass gained on electrode. Ammeter e- XV-20