cont Chromosome Packaging i the shortest human chromosome contains 4.6x107bp of dna -14000mof extended dna -2 um long DNA(douse helix a Packing ratio =7000 (14,000/2)
DNA at-3 billion base pairs in the human genome 款4 repeating bases 款A C T G 学 These bases pair up tAt double-binding CG triple-binding it 6 million base pairs difference between you and me Are we really so different from a mouse?
Genes Protein coding RNa genes MicrorNa Trna tRNA SIRNA. Snorna
Genes • Protein Coding • RNA genes –MicroRNA –rRNA –tRNA –snRNA, snoRNA…
How many genes are there in mammalian cells? E. coli 4.6Mb 4, 288 genes S. cerevisiae 13.5Mb 6,034 genes C. elegans 97 Mb 19,099 genes D. melanogaster 165 Mb 12, 000 genes H. Sapiens 3,300Mb 0,000 genes Genome project was completed in 2002 (still regions that are unclear Genomics and proteomics Gene expression profiling (Exon profiling) Studied on the mechanism of gene expression Phenotypes Transgenic technologies
How many genes are there in mammalian cells? E. coli 4.6 Mb 4,288 genes S. cerevisiae 13.5 Mb 6,034 genes C. elegans 97 Mb 19,099 genes D. melanogaster 165 Mb 12,000 genes H. Sapiens 3,300 Mb 40,000 genes Genome project was completed in 2002 (still regions that are unclear) Gene expression profiling (Exon profiling) Phenotypes Studied on the mechanism of gene expression. Genomics and proteomics Transgenic technologies
Gene locus: Includes both the promoter and the transcription unit Distal Proximal Coding and uncoding sequences >100kb prox. lkb from lkb to >200kb ■■■■■■■■■■口■■■■■ ■■■口■■■ Promoter Transcription Unit
Distal >100kb Proximal Approx. 1kb Promoter Transcription Unit Coding and uncoding sequences from 1kb to >200kb Gene Locus: Includes both the promoter and the transcription unit!