Chapter 5 Tolman's Learning Theory 5.2.1 Molar behavior. A rat running a maze; a cat getting out a puzzle box; a man driving home to dinner; a child hiding from a stranger, a woman doing her washing or gossiping over the telephone, a pupil marking a mental-test sheet; a psychologist reciting a list of nonsense syllables, my friend an i telling one another our thoug hi and feelings- -these are behaviors(qua:作为 以之为身份) behavior)
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.2.1 Molar behavior: ⚫ “A rat running a maze; a cat getting out a puzzle box; a man driving home to dinner; a child hiding from a stranger, a woman doing her washing or gossiping over the telephone, a pupil marking a mental-test sheet; a psychologist reciting a list of nonsense syllables; my friend an I telling one another our thoughts and feelings ---these are behaviors(qua：作为， 以之为身份） behavior)
Chapter 5 Tolman's Learning Theory o 5.2.2 learning outcome: cognitive map. Learning is essentially a process of discovering what leads to what in the environment. The organism through exploration, discovers that certain events lead to certain other events or that one sign leads to another sign. e. g. when it's 5: 00P.M. (S1), dinner(s2)will soon follow ● For tolman, what is learned is“ the lay(位置,层面,形 #) of land, the organism learns what is there. It learns that if it turns to the left, it will find one thing, and if turns to the right, it will find another thing. Gradually it develops a picture of the environment that can be used to get around in it. This picture is cognitive map
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.2.2 learning outcome:cognitive map. ⚫ Learning is essentially a process of discovering what leads to what in the environment.The organism, through exploration, discovers that certain events lead to certain other events or that one sign leads to another sign.e.g. when it’s 5:00P.M.(S1), dinner(S2)will soon follow. ⚫ For Tolman, what is learned is “the lay（位置，层面，形 势） of land”; the organism learns what is there. It learns that if it turns to the left, it will find one thing, and if turns to the right, it will find another thing. Gradually it develops a picture of the environment that can be used to get around in it. This picture is cognitive map
Chapter 5 Tolmans Learning Theory 5.2.2 learning outcome: cognitive map o Once the organism has developed a cognitive map, it can reach a particular goal from any number of directions. If one commonly used route is blocked, the animal simply takes an alternate route, just as the human takes a detour on the way home from work if the route usually taken is not available. The organism will choose the shortest route or the one requiring the least amount of work, which was referred to as the principle of least effort(exp p102)
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.2.2 learning outcome:cognitive map ⚫ Once the organism has developed a cognitive map, it can reach a particular goal from any number of directions. If one commonly used route is blocked, the animal simply takes an alternate route, just as the human takes a detour on the way home from work if the route usually taken is not available. The organism will choose the shortest route or the one requiring the least amount of work, which was referred to as the principle of least effort.(exp.p102)
Chapter 5 Tolmans Learning Theory food path A path B path C start
Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory