Drug molecule Fig 14.2 many (morphine) drugs act by fitting into receptor sites ey HiC O-H on molecules found in the bod Receptor site much as a key fits in a lock Lock O一H
Fig 14.2 many drugs act by fitting into receptor sites on molecules found in the body, much as a key fits in a lock Drug molecule (morphine) Receptor site Lock Key
Most new medicinal drugs are still discovered instead of designed Fig 14.3 ethnobotanists directed natural-products chemists to the yellow coating on the root of the African Bobqunnua tree Indigenous people have known for many generations that this coating has medicinal properties. From extracts of the coating, the chemists isolated a compound that is highly effective in treating fungal infections. This compound, produced by the tree to protect itself from root tot, shows much promise in the treatmentof the opportunistic fungal infections that plague those suffering from AIDS
Most new medicinal drugs are still discovered instead of designed. Fig 14.3 ethnobotanists directed natural-products chemists to the yellow coating on the root of the African Bobgunnua tree. Indigenous people have known for many generations that this coating has medicinal properties. From extracts of the coating, the chemists isolated a compound that is highly effective in treating fungal infections. This compound, produced by the tree to protect itself from root tot, shows much promise in the treatment of the opportunistic fungal infections that plague those suffering from AIDS
Another important method of drug discovery is the random screening of vast numbers of compounds O Taxol Taxol is a complex natural product useful in the treatmentor o Fig 14.4 originally isolated from the bark of the pacific yew tre various forms of cancer
Another important method of drug discovery is the random screening of vast numbers of compounds. N OH H O O O O O O O O OH O OH O Taxol Fig 14.4 originally isolated from the bark of the pacific yew tree, Taxol is a complex natural product useful in the treatment of various forms of cancer
Combinational Chemistry(组合化学) Tiny well or test tube in which reagents B and 4 are mixed Library" of products (a) Fig 14.5 (a)eight hy pothetical starting materials A through D and 1 through 4 can be combined in various ways to yield 16 products, each of which may have some biological activity not found in any of the starting materials. (b)A multitude of products are thus immediately available to be screened for medicinal activity
Combinational Chemistry (组合化学) Tiny well or test tube in which reagents B and 4 are mixed. Fig 14.5 (a) eight hypothetical starting materials A through D and 1 through 4 can be combined in various ways to yield 16 products, each of which may have some biological activity not found in any of the starting materials. (b) A multitude of products are thus immediately available to be screened for medicinal activity
14.3 Chemotherapy cures the host by killing the disease The use of drugs that destroy disease-causing agents without destroying the animal host is known as chemotherapy. It works by taking advantage of the ways a disease-causing agent, also known as a pathogen(病原体), is different from a host Sulfa drugs(磺胺类药物) and antibiotics(抗生素) treat bacteria infections Humans can use folic acid wf)from outside sources but bacteria have to synthesize from PABA H N C-OH H Several step PABA OH OH C-N-C--CH, CH -C N OH , NN H HH Bacterial enzyme Folic acid Fig 14.6 bacterial enzymes use para-aminobenzoic acid( PABa)to synthesize folic acid
14.3 Chemotherapy cures the host by killing the disease • The use of drugs that destroy disease-causing agents without destroying the animal host is known as chemotherapy. It works by taking advantage of the ways a disease-causing agent, also known as a pathogen (病原体), is different from a host. • Sulfa drugs （磺胺类药物） and antibiotics （抗生素）treat bacteria infections • Humans can use folic acid (叶酸) from outside sources, but bacteria have to synthesize from PABA. PABA Folic acid Several steps Bacterial enzyme Fig 14.6 bacterial enzymes use para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to synthesize folic acid