CRANIAL NERVES -Olfactory o Ask the patient to identify common scents such as coffee. vanilla etc. with eyes closed o Do not use irritants In testing olfactory nerve function. it is less important to determine whether the patient can correctl identify a particular odor than whether the presence or absence of the stimulus is perceived
CRANIAL NERVES -Olfactory (I) ⚫ Ask the patient to identify common scents such as coffee,vanilla,etc, with eyes closed. ⚫ Do not use irritants. In testing olfactory nerve function, it is less important to determine whether the patient can correctly identify a particular odor than whether the presence or absence of the stimulus is perceived
CRANIAL NERVES Optic (I) Visual Acuity-pocket card or wall chart or any reading matter such as news paper ● Visual field Confrontation Testing-Patient and examiner stand at eye level at about arms length. Have the patient cover his own eye Threat Testing-applied when the patient is less than fully alert or is uncooperative o Fundus( ophthalmoscopic )Examination
CRANIAL NERVES -Optic (II) ⚫ Visual Acuity-pocket card or wall chart or any reading matter such as news paper ⚫ Visual Field – Confrontation Testing-Patient and examiner stand at eye level at about arm’s length. Have the patient cover his own eye – Threat Testing- applied when the patient is less than fully alert or is uncooperative ⚫ Fundus ( Ophthalmoscopic ) Examination
CRANIAL NERVES -Pupillary Reflexes(, I) o A normal pupil will constrict(1)in response to direct light, (2)as a consensual response to light in the opposite eye, and 3 )to accommodation( convergence to focus on a close object)
CRANIAL NERVES -Pupillary Reflexes (II, III) ⚫ A normal pupil will constrict (1) in response to direct light, (2) as a consensual response to light in the opposite eye, and (3) to accommodation ( convergence to focus on a close object)
CRANIAL NERVES Control of Extraocular Muscle Movements (1,V,V) Extraocular muscle movements are controlled by the oculomotor(iii), trochlear (V), and abducens(v)nerves Volitional eye movement-Follow my finger. just with your eyes. Tracing the Letter h ● Ask about diplopia o Nystagmus is rhythmic oscillation of the eyes
CRANIAL NERVES -Control of Extraocular Muscle Movements (III, IV, VI) ⚫ Extraocular muscle movements are controlled by the oculomotor (III), trochlear ( IV), and abducens (V) nerves ⚫ Volitional Eye Movement-Follow my finger, just with your eyes. Tracing the Letter H ⚫ Ask about Diplopia ⚫ Nystagmus is rthythmic oscillation of the eyes