Chapter3Myology·93.3) Inner investing fasciaIt covers all the in-ligament it forms the deep ring of inguinal canal.ner surface of the abdominal cavity.The transverseThe other parts of the inner investing fascia of thefascia (Fig.I-3-12, 13) covers the deep surface of theabdominal wall are named according to the structurestransverses abdominis and its aponeurosis and is con-on which they lined,i. e.,the diaphragmatic fasciatinuous from side to side deep to the sheath of rectuson the diaphragm, the iliac fascia on the iliacus andabdominis and the rectus abdominis directly belowpsoasfascia on the psoas,and the pelvicfascia inthethe arcuate line. Above the middle of the inguinalpelvis.Anterior layerofsheathRectus abdominisof rectusabdominisLinea alba-Obliquus externus abdominisrObliquus intemus abdominisTransversus abdominisPosterior layer of sheathof rectusabdominisTransverse fasciaAnterior layerof sheathof rectusabdominis/Obliquus externus abdominisObliquus internus abdominisTransverse fasciaTransversusabdominisFig.1-3-13 The sheath of rectus abdominisnis does not split and all the aponeuroses of theClinical notesAponeurosis of anteriolateral flat muscles ofthree flat muscles pass anterior to the rectus ab-abdominal wall form some structures which aredominis to form the anterior layer of the sheath ofrectus abdominis.Thelowerlimit of the posteriorsimportant for the clinic surgery.(1) Sheath of rectus abdominis (Fig.1-3-13)layer of the sheath is marked by a crescentic bor-der called the arcuate line.The position ofthis lineIt is a strong,incompletefibrous compartmentofthe rectus abdominis. At the lateral margin of theis usually midwaybetween umbilicus and pubiccrest. From this line downward rectus abdominisrectus abdominis, the aponeurosis of obliquus in-is direct in contact posterriorly with the transverseternus abdominis splits into two layers, one pass-ing anterior to the muscle,while another posteriorfascia.(2) Linea albaIt is placed on the anterior me-to it. Its anterior layer joins with the aponeurosisdian line of the abdomen.Itextends from the xiphoidof obliquus externus abdominis to form the an-process to the pubic symphysis which is formed byterior layer of the sheath of rectus abdominis, itsfibers of the sheath of rectus abdominis of two sides.posterior layer joins with the aponeurosis of the(3) Inguinal canal It is an oblique passage,transverse abdominis to form the posterior layer4-5cm long,through the abdominal wall (Fig.1-3-of the sheath. But the posterior layer of the sheath14).It passes downwards and medially from theof rectus abdominis is deficient.At lower 1/4 ofdeeptosuperficial inguinalring.It linesparalleled andthe posterior layer of the sheath of rectus abdomi-nis, the aponeurosis of obliquus internus abdomi-000000008080000000000808000000口D扫描全能王创建D
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.94·PARTI LOCOMOTORSYSTEMringInsame personsthehemiaiscongenitalorimmediately above the inguinal ligament. The in-acquired.However inthediretinguinalheraguinal canal in male is occupied by the spermaticthe viscus protrudes immediately forward intocord and in female by the round ligament of uter-superfcialring which sometimesform the hemialussac.Typical direct herniawiththesac lies medial(4) Inguinal hernias They are divided into di-to the inferior epigastric vessels. Direct herniarect and indirect hernia. In the indirect hernia theinvolves the wall in the region ofthe Hesselbach'sabdominal contents enter the deep ring and tra-triangle)verse inguinal canal to emergefrom the superfialObliquus externusabdominisAnt.superior iliac spineTranevcrsus abdominisDeep Inguinal ringInguinal lig.SpermaticcordObliquus intermus abdominisInguinal falxAponeurosis ofobliquus extemusCremasterReflected ligFig.1-3-14 The muscles in lower.antero-lateral abdominal wallalone, it bends the trunk toward the same side. Actingtogether, they help to extend the lumbar region of thePosterior group of abdominalvertebral column and give it lateral stability.wallYangMei（杨美）Sun Shan-quan（孙善全）It consists of the psoas major and the quadratusSection 3Muscles oflumborum (Fig. I-3-9) . The psoas major will be de-scribed in "The Muscles of Lower Limb",The qua-Head and Neckdratus lumborum is a roughly quadrilateral thick mus-cular sheet attached below to the iliac crest, above tothe last rib, and medially to the tip of transverse pro-I.Muscles of Headcesses of the Ist to 4th lumbar vertebrae.The muscleis directly in contact posterior with the erector spinae.They may be functionally divided into facial mus-Actions: Fixes and lowers the 12th rib. Acting扫描全能王创建
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