Unit 4 Section a I Background Knowledge Charlie Chaplin Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother's mental decline put her into an institution. Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so. But it was his mother that Charlie idolised and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself. Dickens Charles Dickens, 1812-1870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest of all. His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was especially for the poor and for the children. They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist,A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities Hollywood An area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the american film industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is generally thought that everyone ing in Holly is extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for Mack sennett Mack Sennett:(1880-1960)US film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec. He worked in the theatre as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films. He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics(1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties(1920). He received a Special Academy Award in 1937 II. Text Analysis Analysis of Each Part what is the text mainly about? The text is about Charlie Chaplins life full of contrasts. He came into the world miserab but brought the world endless joy. His Tramp on the screen, crude or coarse in the eyes of the English, gave him permanent fame in movie history. His nonsense screen language with no known
Unit 4 Section A I. Background Knowledge Charlie Chaplin Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother’s mental decline put her into an institution. Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so. But it was his mother that Charlie idolised and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself. Dickens Charles Dickens, 1812—1870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest one of all. His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was, especially for the poor and for the children. They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities. Hollywood An area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the American film industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is generally thought that everyone living in Hollywood is extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for. Mack Sennett Mack Sennett: (1880—1960) US film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec. He worked in the theatre as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films. He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics (1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties (1920). He received a Special Academy Award in 1937. II. Text Analysis Analysis of Each Part What is the text mainly about? The text is about Charlie Chaplin’s life full of contrasts. He came into the world miserable but brought the world endless joy. His Tramp on the screen, crude or coarse in the eyes of the English, gave him permanent fame in movie history. His nonsense screen language with no known
nationality brought about his huge success. The contrast between his desire to be loved and his fear of being betrayed led to his painful marriages but brought him the luck to walk into the sunset with Oona. And even after his death, the theft of his body served as a fitting memorial to his life as a great comIc How is the text organize on The passage is made up of four parts -a general introduction of Charlie Chaplin, his rofessional success, his emotional life and the end of his story-with each of them developed through the device of contrast. By using contrast, the author skillfully weaves different aspects of his life around his life as a great comic, thus making the article an irresistible appeal to the reader Part I Paras. 1-2 A general introduction: He came into the world poor but made the world rich with joy Besides, if there is a balance between his miserable childhood and his character of the Tramp there must be a contrast between his Tramp and his permanent name in comedy history Paras. 3-6 His professional success: His Tramp gave him permanent fame though many people thought it crude; his screen language, making no sense and sounding like no known nationality, brought about his huge success; and his first sight of the Tramp on the screen shocked him but, more importantly drove him to extend his talent Part lll Paras. 7-8 His emotional life: The contrast between his desire to be loved and his worry about being betrayed found its way into his comedy of Monsieur verdoux but meanwhile brought him the luck to walk into the sunset with Oona in reality PartⅣV The end of his life story: The theft of his dead body, though a sad incident, was widely regarded as a fitting memorial- his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many Ill. Language points 1. cut down: reduce the size of(sth. Such as clothing, writing, etc I cut down your father' s trousers down for the boy.我可以把你父亲的裤子改短给这男孩
nationality brought about his huge success. The contrast between his desire to be loved and his fear of being betrayed led to his painful marriages but brought him the luck to walk into the sunset with Oona. And even after his death, the theft of his body served as a fitting memorial to his life as a great comic. How is the text organized? The passage is made up of four parts — a general introduction of Charlie Chaplin, his professional success, his emotional life and the end of his story — with each of them developed through the device of contrast. By using contrast, the author skillfully weaves different aspects of his life around his life as a great comic, thus making the article an irresistible appeal to the reader. Part I Paras. 1-2 A general introduction: He came into the world poor but made the world rich with joy. Besides, if there is a balance between his miserable childhood and his character of the Tramp, there must be a contrast between his Tramp and his permanent name in comedy history. Part II Paras. 3-6 His professional success: His Tramp gave him permanent fame though many people thought it crude; his screen language, making no sense and sounding like no known nationality, brought about his huge success; and his first sight of the Tramp on the screen shocked him but, more importantly, drove him to extend his talent. Part III Paras. 7-8 His emotional life: The contrast between his desire to be loved and his worry about being betrayed found its way into his comedy of Monsieur Verdoux but meanwhile brought him the luck to walk into the sunset with Oona in reality. Part IV Para. 9 The end of his life story: The theft of his dead body, though a sad incident, was widely regarded as a fitting memorial — his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many. III. Language Points 1. cut down: reduce the size of (sth. Such as clothing, writing, etc.) I cut down your father’s trousers down for the boy. 我可以把你父亲的裤子改短给这男孩 穿
Your article will have to be cut down to fit into the book你的文章地删一些,以便能收入到 这本书里。 Theyve cut her hours down at work so she doesn' t have much money.他们减少了她的工作 时间,因此她没有那么多钱了。 If and article is too long for the space allocated, you have to cut it down.如果文章超过给它的 版面,你就得进行删改 2. In There were men, women, and small children, some dressed in rags.那儿有男人,妇女和儿 童,有些人穿得破破烂烂 There are areas where every child is barefoot, and dressed in rags or old flour sacks.有些地方 小孩都赤脚,穿着破衣服或旧面粉袋。 3. applause: n. the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or enjoyment; express strong approval of (a person, The band got a big round of applause at the end of the concert.音乐结束后,乐队赢得了热烈 的掌声 The audience broke into thunderous applause.观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声 applaud vf. Show approval or enjoyment of (a play, actor, performance, etc. ) esp by striking ne's hands together He started to applaud and others joined in.他带头开始鼓掌,其他人也加入进来 The conference rose to applaud the speaker与会人员起身为发表讲话的人鼓掌。 She was applauded as she came on stage.她一上台观众即报以掌声。 We all applauded the authority' s decision not to close the hospital.我们都赞同当局不关闭医 院的决定。 I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.我赞赏她敢于拒绝的确勇气。 This time she' s leaving for good.这一次她将是永远地离开了 I' d like an excuse to get rid of him for good.我需要一个借口将他永远开除。 A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease for good.这药只注射了几针,病就彻底治愈 5. scout: n. a person employed to look for people with particular skills, esp. in sport or Talent scouts toured every village in the Southern States seeking the girl with the subtle personality that the film producer needed for the star role.猎头走遍南方各州的每个村落,寻 找制片人需要的具有敏锐气质和个性的女影星 It was during the singing performance that he was spotted by a talent scout and sign up by Warner Brothers.正是在歌唱表演中他被猎头相中,然后与华纳兄弟签约 6. clap: vf. Hit one's open hands together several times to show that one approves of or enjoy sth He clapped his hands for silence.他拍拍手示意大家安静。 Every one clapped us when we went up to get our prize.我们上台领奖的时候每个人都为我 们鼓 Londoners came out on to the pavement to wave and clap the marchers伦敦市民涌上街头向 游行的人鼓掌并挥手致意 After his speech the conference clapped and cheered as if he had announced the abolition of the
Your article will have to be cut down to fit into the book.你的文章地删一些，以便能收入到 这本书里。 They’ve cut her hours down at work so she doesn’t have much money. 他们减少了她的工作 时间，因此她没有那么多钱了。 If and article is too long for the space allocated, you have to cut it down..如果文章超过给它的 版面，你就得进行删改。 2. In rags: dressed in old worn-out clothes There were men, women, and small children, some dressed in rags. 那儿有男人，妇女和儿 童，有些人穿得破破烂烂。 There are areas where every child is barefoot, and dressed in rags or old flour sacks. 有些地方 小孩都赤脚，穿着破衣服或旧面粉袋。 3. applause: n. the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or enjoyment; express strong approval of (a person, idea,etc.) The band got a big round of applause at the end of the concert. 音乐结束后，乐队赢得了热烈 的掌声。 The audience broke into thunderous applause. 观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 applaud vt. Show approval or enjoyment of (a play, actor, performance, etc.), esp. by striking one’s hands together He started to applaud and others joined in. 他带头开始鼓掌， 其他人也加入进来。 The conference rose to applaud the speaker.与会人员起身为发表讲话的人鼓掌。 She was applauded as she came on stage. 她一上台观众即报以掌声。 We all applauded the authority’s decision not to close the hospital. 我们都赞同当局不关闭医 院的决定。 I applaud her for having the courage to refuse. 我赞赏她敢于拒绝的确勇气。 4. for good: permanently; forever This time she’s leaving for good. 这一次她将是永远地离开了。 I’d like an excuse to get rid of him for good. 我需要一个借口将他永远开除。 A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease for good. 这药只注射了几针，病就彻底治愈 了。 5. scout: n. a person employed to look for people with particular skills, esp. in sport or entertainment Talent scouts toured every village in the Southern States seeking the girl with the subtle personality that the film producer needed for the star role. 猎头走遍南方各州的每个村落，寻 找制片人需要的具有敏锐气质和个性的女影星。 It was during the singing performance that he was spotted by a talent scout and sign up by Warner Brothers. 正是在歌唱表演中他被猎头相中，然后与华纳兄弟签约。 6. clap: vt. Hit one’s open hands together several times to show that one approves of or enjoy sth. He clapped his hands for silence. 他拍拍手示意大家安静。 Every one clapped us when we went up to get our prize. 我们上台领奖的时候每个人都为我 们鼓掌。 Londoners came out on to the pavement to wave and clap the marchers.伦敦市民涌上街头向 游行的人鼓掌并挥手致意。 After his speech the conference clapped and cheered as if he had announced the abolition of the
Income tax在他演讲之后,出席会议的人们鼓掌欢呼起来,就好象他已经宣布取消了个 人所得税似的 7. revolt: v.(against)take violent action against the people in power; reject the authority of a person or reject sth. make(sb )feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted Finally the people revolted against the military dictatorship.人民终于起来反抗军事独裁。 The people revolted against their oppressors.人民反抗其压迫者。 She revolted against her ballet training at sixteen.她16岁的时候开始拒绝练芭蕾舞 We were revolted by the dirt and mess in her house她的房子又脏又乱,引起我们的反感 It revolts me to know that the word spends so much money on arms, yet millions of people are dying of hunger:全世界在武器上花费了这么多钱,而数以百万计的人却快要饿死了,这 使我很反感 n the action or state of protecting against or resisting authority They seized the power in a revolt.他们在一次起义中夺得了政权 The army has put down the revolt.军队已经平息了叛乱 8. trip up: catch sb's foot and make him fall or almost fall; make a mistake, deliberately make sb As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up.我经过时,他伸出一条腿试图把我绊 倒 He made a sudden dive for uncle jim' s legs to try to trip him up.他猛冲向吉姆叔叔的腿试图 把他绊倒。 Read the questions carefully, because the examiners sometimes try to trip you up.仔细阅读这 些问题,因为出题人有时会有意诱导你犯错 9.(not)all that --(not) very; (not) particularly; usu. Used in statements with negative meaning when you want to weaken the force of what you are saying Things are not all that good.事情并不那么顺利 He wasn' t all that older than we were.他并不比我们老多少。 He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the conflict.他说不过 去就此冲突达成和平协议并没有那么困难。 0. sport---wear or show publicly and sometimes proudly Back in the 1960s he sported bell-bottom trousers, platform heels and hair down past his shoulders.回顾20世纪60年代,他那时穿着喇叭裤,木屐式坡形高跟鞋,蓄着过肩的 长 The front of the car sported a German flag着辆车前面插着德国国旗 He wore rimless glasses and sported a neat grey moustache, very impressive.他戴着无边眼 镜,留着整齐的灰色胡子,非常引人注目。 11. coarse--(1)rude and offensive coarse manners粗鲁的举止 coarse language粗俗的语言 (2)(of skin or fabric)rough; not soft a jacket made of very coarse cloth用粗布做的加克 a beach of coarse sand粗沙的海滩 12. postpone ---delay (an event), esp. arranging for it to take place at a later date or time The trial has been postponed indefinitely.审判无限期地延期了 House purchase is the biggest decision that most people make and the easiest one to postpor 买房是大部分人作出的最大决定,也是最容易延期的决定
income tax.在他演讲之后，出席会议的人们鼓掌欢呼起来，就好象他已经宣布取消了个 人所得税似的。 7. revolt: v. (against) take violent action against the people in power; reject the authority of a person or reject sth.; make (sb.) feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted Finally the people revolted against the military dictatorship. 人民终于起来反抗军事独裁。 The people revolted against their oppressors. 人民反抗其压迫者。 She revolted against her ballet training at sixteen. 她 16 岁的时候开始拒绝练芭蕾舞。 We were revolted by the dirt and mess in her house.她的房子又脏又乱，引起我们的反感。 It revolts me to know that the word spends so much money on arms, yet millions of people are dying of hunger.全世界在武器上花费了这么多钱，而数以百万计的人却快要饿死了，这 使我很反感。 n. the action or state of protecting against or resisting authority They seized the power in a revolt. 他们在一次起义中夺得了政权。 The army has put down the revolt. 军队已经平息了叛乱。 8. trip up: catch sb’s foot and make him fall or almost fall; make a mistake; deliberately make sb. Do this As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up. 我经过时，他伸出一条腿试图把我绊 倒。 He made a sudden dive for Uncle Jim’s legs to try to trip him up. 他猛冲向吉姆叔叔的腿试图 把他绊倒。 Read the questions carefully, because the examiners sometimes try to trip you up. 仔细阅读这 些问题，因为出题人有时会有意诱导你犯错。 9．(not) all that ---(not) very; (not) particularly; usu. Used in statements with negative meaning when you want to weaken the force of what you are saying Things are not all that good. 事情并不那么顺利。 He wasn’t all that older than we were. 他并不比我们老多少。 He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the conflict.他说不过 去就此冲突达成和平协议并没有那么困难。 10. sport --- wear or show publicly and sometimes proudly Back in the 1960’s he sported bell-bottom trousers, platform heels and hair down past his shoulders. 回顾 20 世纪 60 年代，他那时穿着喇叭裤，木屐式坡形高跟鞋，蓄着过肩的 长发。 The front of the car sported a German flag. 着辆车前面插着德国国旗。 He wore rimless glasses and sported a neat grey moustache, very impressive. 他戴着无边眼 镜，留着整齐的灰色胡子，非常引人注目。 11. coarse --- (1) rude and offensive coarse manners 粗鲁的举止 coarse language 粗俗的语言 (2) (of skin or fabric) rough; not soft a jacket made of very coarse cloth 用粗布做的加克 a beach of coarse sand 粗沙的海滩 12. postpone --- delay (an event), esp. arranging for it to take place at a later date or time The trial has been postponed indefinitely. 审判无限期地延期了。 House purchase is the biggest decision that most people make and the easiest one to postpone. 买房是大部分人作出的最大决定，也是最容易延期的决定
The trip to the museum has been postponed until Thursday 1lth March.参观博物馆的事情延 期到3月11日星期四 13. come /go down in the world --- have less money and a worse social position than one had before Also move down in the worl He has really come down in the world.他真的过着穷困潦倒的生活。 When we had to sell our house and take a small apartment downtown, we felt we'd really moved down in the world当我们不得不卖掉房子,搬到市区的一间小公寓住时,我们感 我们已经穷困潦倒了 14. rank ---the members of a particular group or organization At50, he forced to join the ranks of the unemployed.0岁时他被迫加入了失业者的行列 There were serious divisions within the partys own ranks.在这个党的成员内部存在严重分 歧 We have members of international players in our ranks.我们的成员里有一些国际选手。 There is great concern about safety among the ranks of racing drivers。赛车手对安全很担心 15. have the /an urge to do sth -- have a strong desire to do sth He had a powerful urge to compete and succeed.他有强烈的竞争并获得成功的欲望 He has an urge to become a cinema star.他有成为电影明星的欲望。/他十分想成为电影明 星 16. go along---advance, move further with sth We have a flexible approach to what were doing and that allows us to make any necessary changes as we go along.我们的确工作方法具有灵活性,使我们在工作过程中可以作必 要的改进。 Work like this becomes less interesting as you go along像这样的工作报告你做着做着变得乏 17. greet---v (with)react to sb. Or sth. In a particular way The changes were greeted with suspicion.人们对此变化持怀疑态度 They greeted the joke with laughter.他们对这个笑话报以笑声。 18. rouse---v. make sb Feel a particular emotion I dont want rouse any suspicions.我不想引起任何怀疑。 Tom drew a breath, determined that he would to rouse to her to anger.汤姆吸了一口气,决定 不去激怒她。 19. execute ---v.(1)do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc The crime was very cleverly executed.此次犯罪实施得非常巧妙 Check that the computer has executed your commands检查一下以确保计算机执行了你的命 (2)kill sb, esp as a legal punishment Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately executed without trial.具报道,罪犯未经审判 即被蓄意处决。 20. betray ---v not be loyal to one's country or a person who thinks he or she loves or supports en by doing sth harmful He was accused of betraying his country during the war.他被指控在战争期间背叛祖国 He promised never to betray her.他答应永不抛弃她 2 1.collision--n. trong disagreement between two people or between opposing ideas, opinions
The trip to the museum has been postponed until Thursday 11 th March. 参观博物馆的事情延 期到 3 月 11 日星期四。 13. come /go down in the world --- have less money and a worse social position than one had before Also: move down in the world He has really come down in the world. 他真的过着穷困潦倒的生活。 When we had to sell our house and take a small apartment downtown, we felt we’d really moved down in the world.当我们不得不卖掉房子,搬到市区的一间小公寓住时,我们感到 我们已经穷困潦倒了。 14. rank --- the members of a particular group or organization At 50, he forced to join the ranks of the unemployed. 50 岁时他被迫加入了失业者的行列。 There were serious divisions within the party’s own ranks. 在这个党的成员内部存在严重分 歧 We have members of international players in our ranks. 我们的成员里有一些国际选手。 There is great concern about safety among the ranks of racing drivers。 赛车手对安全很担心。 15. have the / an urge to do sth.--- have a strong desire to do sth. He had a powerful urge to compete and succeed. 他有强烈的竞争并获得成功的欲望。 He has an urge to become a cinema star. 他有成为电影明星的欲望。/ 他十分想成为电影明 星。 16. go along --- advance; move further with sth. We have a flexible approach to what we’re doing and that allows us to make any necessary changes as we go along. 我们的确工作方法具有灵活性，使我们在工作过程中可以作必 要的改进。 Work like this becomes less interesting as you go along.像这样的工作报告你做着做着变得乏 味了。 17. greet --- v. (with) react to sb. Or sth. In a particular way The changes were greeted with suspicion. 人们对此变化持怀疑态度。 They greeted the joke with laughter. 他们对这个笑话报以笑声。 18. rouse --- v. make sb. Feel a particular emotion I don’t want rouse any suspicions. 我不想引起任何怀疑。 Tom drew a breath, determined that he would to rouse to her to anger. 汤姆吸了一口气，决定 不去激怒她。 19. execute --- v. (1) do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc. The crime was very cleverly executed. 此次犯罪实施得非常巧妙。 Check that the computer has executed your commands.检查一下以确保计算机执行了你的命 令。 （2）kill sb., esp. as a legal punishment Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately executed without trial. 具报道，罪犯未经审判 即被蓄意处决。 20. betray --- v. not be loyal to one’s country or a person who thinks he or she loves or supports them, often by doing sth. harmful He was accused of betraying his country during the war. 他被指控在战争期间背叛祖国。 He promised never to betray her. 他答应永不抛弃她。 21. collision --- n. trong disagreement between two people or between opposing ideas, opinions, etc