量子物理 Quantum Physics) 经典物理的困惑 1)1887年, AA Michelson- EW.Morley实验否 定了绝对参考系的存在; )1990年,“紫外灾难”; 3)1896年,首次发现放射性现象。 热辐射 光是电磁波还是微粒 1.采体辐射、普朗克量子假说 ( Black-body Radiation, Planck's Quantum Supposition
经典物理的困惑: 量子物理 ( Quantum Physics) 2)1990年,“紫外灾难”; 1)1887年,A.A.Michelson-E.W.Morley实验否 定了绝对参考系的存在; 光是电磁波还是微粒 ? 1. 黑体辐射、普朗克量子假说 (Black-body Radiation、Planck’s Quantum Supposition) 热辐射 实 验 3)1896年,首次发现放射性现象
1) Heat radiation(热辐射) Experiment shows: 19 Radiation relates to 火炉 temperature
1)Heat Radiation ( 热辐射) Experiment shows: 火 炉 1000 600 4度度 Radiation relates to temperature
2) black body(黑体) black-body radiation(黑体辐射) 抛光的铜镜表面吸收率:=0.02 般金属表面吸收率:a=06-08 煤烟吸收率: =0.95-0.98 Let us construct cavity in a metal block, through the wall of which a small hole is drilled. this small hole is called a black body.(as=1) 如远处不点灯的窗翻 若室内点灯 (是自身辐射)
2)black body (黑体) black-body radiation (黑体辐射) 抛光的铜镜表面吸收率: 一般金属表面吸收率: 煤烟吸收率: a 总 = 0.02 a 总 = 0.6−0.8 a 总 = 0.95−0.98 Let us construct cavity in a metal block, through the wall of which a small hole is drilled. This small hole is called a black body. (a总=1) 如远处不点灯的窗 若室内点灯 (是自身辐射)
a) spectral radiancy(单色辐出度) The quantity Map is the rate at which energy is radiated per unit time, per unit wavelength and per unit area of surface for wavelengths lying in the intervalλto+d入 at the temperature T 总 dM,(wm) (元.T) 黑体 显然,它是波长和温度的函数 b) radiancy (辐出度) The appropriate quantity Mon is the rate at which energy is radiated per unit time and per unit area of surface at the temperature T
a)spectral radiancy (单色辐出度) The quantity M(T) is the rate at which energy is radiated per unit time, per unit wavelength and per unit area of surface for wavelengths lying in the interval to +d at the temperature T. 黑体 d dM M( .T ) = ( . ) −3 a W m 总=1 显然,它是波长和温度的函数 b) radiancy (辐出度) The appropriate quantity M(T) is the rate at which energy is radiated per unit time and per unit area of surface at the temperature T. dM d
b) radiancy (辐出度) 单位时间内从物体单位面积上所辐射的各种 波长的总的辐射能,用M(T)表示。 Mo-J Manda(m) 黑体 显然,它是温度的函数
黑体 ( . ) −2 W m a总=1 显然,它是温度的函数. b) radiancy (辐出度) 单位时间内从物体单位面积上所辐射的各种 波长的总的辐射能,用M(T)表示。 MT = 0 M(T ) M(.T ) d