Mitogen receptor Upstream protein, Signal phosphorylated binding Receptor becomes hosphorylated Recruitment of ra Downstream protein attaches Signal transduction Downstream protein becomes phosphorylated Nucleus Downstream protein Rsk can now activate next Activates Elk-1 Activates proteIn in the cascade c-Myc, etc. SRF, etc
Tyrosine kinase receptor Some signal transduction via 2nd messenger 08 Phospholipase PtdIns(4, 5)P, ns(145)P3 DAG Other second Opens calcium channels messenger cascades Ca Activation via calmodulin Cat 2 2+
Some signal transduction via 2nd messenger
Something not new ATP as a Signaling Molecule nerve impulse mechanical stress stimulus cell volume cell death ATP release ATP ADP AMP Adenosine Purinergic P2X P2Y receptors ectonucleotidases intracellular communication responses 最新综述见2010年第 期环球科学或2009年12 synaptic transmission coagulation response tissue protection 期 Scientific American nociception muscle tone anti-inflamatory effect inflamatory response release of macromolecules anticoagulation mechanosensory transduction cell permeability antinociception cell necrosis/apoptosis thelial transport decrease neuronal activity cell proliferation/differentiation epithelial transport
Something not new ATP as a Signaling Molecule 最新综述见2010年第一 期环球科学或2009年12 期Scientific American