“游泳痒”与海兔毒素 海水浴皮炎 海兔的消化腺 巨大鞘丝藻 OH OH Aplysiatoxin 1958年夏季在夏威夷150人、1968年夏季在日本冲绳岛发生过所谓的 “游泳痒”，中毒症状是皮肤发痒、斑疹、皮肤烧灼感、起水疱、深部糜烂， 并遗有皮肤疼痛。类似的海水浴皮炎。1980年夏季在夏成夷的瓦胡岛也曾发 生过。此种皮炎是因一种海洋蓝藻一巨大鞘丝藻(Lyngbya majuscula)所致， 已经从此藻中分离出溴化海兔毒素（Aplysiatoxin)和脱溴海兔毒素 (Debromoaplysiatoxin). 该毒素最旱发现自食藻软体动物长尾背肛海兔(Styocheilus longicauda） 的消化腺，因此命名为海兔毒素（dolastoxin)
1958年夏季在夏威夷150人、 1968年夏季在日本冲绳岛发生过所谓的 “游泳痒” ，中毒症状是皮肤发痒、斑疹、皮肤烧灼感、起水疱、深部糜烂， 并遗有皮肤疼痛。类似的海水浴皮炎。1980年夏季在夏威夷的瓦胡岛也曾发 生过。此种皮炎是因一种海洋蓝藻—巨大鞘丝藻（Lyngbya majuscula）所致， 已经从此藻中分离出溴化海兔毒素（Aplysiatoxin）和脱溴海兔毒素 （Debromoaplysiatoxin）。 该毒素最旱发现自食藻软体动物长尾背肛海兔（Styocheilus longicauda） 的消化腺，因此命名为海兔毒素（dolastoxin）。 海水浴皮炎 海兔的消化腺 巨大鞘丝藻
Debromoaplysiatoxin “游泳痒”与海兔毒素 OH OH Lyngbya majuscula Yoshitsugi Hokama Debromoaplysiatoxin (1926-2017) (脱溴海兔毒素) Uni.of Hawaii In 1994,local people of Hawaii,Maui and Oahu island in Hawaii were poisoned by food.The local residents of these islands often eat various types of algae including the red alga Gracilaria coronopifolia.After taking samples of this red alga it turned out that they contained two toxins which were identical with aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin
Debromoaplysiatoxin Debromoaplysiatoxin （脱溴海兔毒素） Lyngbya majuscula In 1994, local people of Hawaii, Maui and Oahu island in Hawaii were poisoned by food. The local residents of these islands often eat various types of algae including the red alga Gracilaria coronopifolia. After taking samples of this red alga it turned out that they contained two toxins which were identical with aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin. Yoshitsugi Hokama (1926-2017) Uni. of Hawaii
Anti-cancer Cryptophycins Fragment A Fragment B HN R2 Fragment D OMe R1 HaC CHa Fragment C Nostoc spp Cryptophycin A:R1=Me,R2=CI Cryptophycin B:R1=Me,R2=H 隐藻素 Arenastatin A:R1=H,R2=H Cryptophycins were originally discovered in 1990 in cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc.Cryptophycins were patented as antifungal agents with an unknown mechanism of action and subsequently identified as microtubule inhibitors
Anti-cancer Cryptophycins Nostoc spp Cryptophycins were originally discovered in 1990 in cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc. Cryptophycins were patented as antifungal agents with an unknown mechanism of action and subsequently identified as microtubule inhibitors. 隐藻素
五、其他大环内酯类 含有氢化吡喃螺环的大环内酯环化合物。 HO OR2 OMe 1 R=CI,R1=COMe,R2=COMe 2 R=H,R1=COMe,R2=COMe HO 3 R=CI,R1=H,R2=COMe 0 4 R=CI,R1=COMe,R2=H HO Me 5 R=H,R1=COMe,R2=H H H -Me HOHO O 1993年从东印度洋海绵Spongia sp中分离得到了Spongistatin1(1)而后又 从同种海绵中分得Spongistatin2(2)和3(3)，1对多种肿瘤模型表现出强烈 的细胞毒性，其中对大鼠白血病细胞L-1210的ICs0平均值为20pmol/L,是 目前已进入抗肿瘤临床I期试验的dolastatin10活性的12倍
v含有氢化吡喃螺环的大环内酯环化合物。 O O O Me OH O O O OR2 HO O O HO Me O HO H R HO R1O HO OMe H H H HO H H H H 1 R=Cl, R1=COMe, R2=COMe 2 R=H, R1=COMe, R2=COMe 3 R=Cl, R1=H, R2=COMe 4 R=Cl, R1=COMe, R2=H 5 R=H, R1=COMe, R2=H 1993年从东印度洋海绵Spongia sp中分离得到了Spongistatin 1 (1)而后又 从同种海绵中分得Spongistatin 2 (2)和3 (3)，1对多种肿瘤模型表现出强烈 的细胞毒性，其中对大鼠白血病细胞L-1210 的IC50平均值为20 pmol/L，是 目前已进入抗肿瘤临床Ⅰ期试验的dolastatin 10活性的12 倍
含有氢化吡喃螺环的大环内酯（聚醚） HO OH OH OMe Me HO 38 OMe 8. HO Me OH 7 ● HO 23 Me 11 HO -OMe $OH 13 00 HO 2ioMe Spirastrellolide B Raymond J.Andersen Spirastrellolide A Spirastrellolides A and B,two unique polyketide,isolated from the sponge Spirastrella coccinea,were disclosed in 2003. UBC,Canada Williams,D.E.;Andersen,R.J.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125,5296
Spirastrellolides A and B, two unique polyketide, isolated from the sponge Spirastrella coccinea,were disclosed in 2003 . UBC, Canada Williams, D. E.; Andersen, R. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 5296. O O O O HO O O O HO O Me OMe OH Me Cl OMe Me O HO HO OH O O O O HO O O HO O O OH Me OMe OH Me OMe Me O HO HO 1 3 7 9 11 13 17 21 23 27 35 28 38 1 46 Spirastrellolide A Spirastrellolide B Raymond J. Andersen