上海充通大学 Research Status of Human-Computer Interaction keyboard has been a hotspot.With the fast development of multi-touch technology,virtual laser projection keyboard and virtual keyboard appeared(Longe Van Meurs,2013).Virtual keyboards were mainly used in handheld devices,such as PDA,mobile phones,and iPad etc.Nowadays, people switch their attention from going for more advanced technologies used in the mouse to pursuing its more beautiful and unique appearance,suitable size,and satisfactory portability and comfortability (a) (b) (c) Fig.2 Schematic of the development of the keyboard (a)Traditional (b)Laser projection keyboard (c)Virtual keyboard 3.Mouse Graphical Display As graphical user interfaceappeared,the mouse was invented in 1964 by another American inventor Doug Engelbart (Myers,1998).Mouse was used to control the position of cursor on the screen and gave people much convenience.Its work principle was that the pivot in the mouse was driven by the ball at the bottom of the mouse,which in turn caused the variable resistance change to generate the displacement signal.These signals were then transmitted to the host.The emergence of mouse greatly facilitated interaction between human and computer,pushing us into the second generation of HCI.In this stage,mouse and graphical display were the main interaction tools,and characters, graphs,and images became the main interaction contents.Until today,as windows operating systems are widely used,mouse has been an indispensable input device. Fig.3 Apple's Magic Mouse Gradually,as people required the mouse with higher accuracy,sensitivity,and comfortability, different mouse such as optical mouse,laser mouse,and blue mouse appeared subsequently.The most noteworthy is Apple's Magic Mouse,as shown in Fig.3.It removed mouse buttons and roller, only with a whole piece of multi-touch board that could work as common mouse mark left,right, and 360 degrees of roller function,and could let users operate more gestures function with two fingers(Rodriguez,2010).Additionally,it is worth paying attention to that at the beginning of the 21st century,there was a huge increase in patent filings of keyboard and mouse.As it is known to 5/19
Research Status of Human-Computer Interaction 5 / 19 keyboard has been a hotspot. With the fast development of multi-touch technology, virtual laser projection keyboard and virtual keyboard appeared (Longe & Van Meurs, 2013). Virtual keyboards were mainly used in handheld devices, such as PDA, mobile phones, and iPad etc. Nowadays, people switch their attention from going for more advanced technologies used in the mouse to pursuing its more beautiful and unique appearance, suitable size, and satisfactory portability and comfortability. (a) (b) (c) Fig. 2 Schematic of the development of the keyboard (a) Traditional (b) Laser projection keyboard (c) Virtual keyboard 3. Mouse & Graphical Display As graphical user interface appeared, the mouse was invented in 1964 by another American inventor Doug Engelbart (Myers, 1998). Mouse was used to control the position of cursor on the screen and gave people much convenience. Its work principle was that the pivot in the mouse was driven by the ball at the bottom of the mouse, which in turn caused the variable resistance change to generate the displacement signal. These signals were then transmitted to the host. The emergence of mouse greatly facilitated interaction between human and computer, pushing us into the second generation of HCI. In this stage, mouse and graphical display were the main interaction tools, and characters, graphs, and images became the main interaction contents. Until today, as windows operating systems are widely used, mouse has been an indispensable input device. Fig. 3 Apple’s Magic Mouse Gradually, as people required the mouse with higher accuracy, sensitivity, and comfortability, different mouse such as optical mouse, laser mouse, and blue mouse appeared subsequently. The most noteworthy is Apple’s Magic Mouse, as shown in Fig. 3. It removed mouse buttons and roller, only with a whole piece of multi-touch board that could work as common mouse mark left, right, and 360 degrees of roller function, and could let users operate more gestures function with two fingers (Rodríguez, 2010). Additionally, it is worth paying attention to that at the beginning of the 21st century, there was a huge increase in patent filings of keyboard and mouse. As it is known to
上游文通大学 Research Status of Human-Computer Interaction us,fast development ofproducts areusually accompanied with the increasing demand of the market. Apparently,the huge market demand of the keyboard and mouse was closely linked with the rapid development of the Internet. 4.Touch Technology From the PC age to the Internet age,interaction with the combination of mouse and keyboard did not change a lot.Until the appearance of smartphones and multi-touch technology,human-computer interaction stepped into the third generation,an era of fingertips,completely changing the traditional interaction styles. Development of touch screen technology was the impetus of this stage.Since the first touch screen PC-150 was created,touch screen undertook the evolution from resistive touch screen,capacitive touch screen,infrared touch screen,to the surface acoustic wave touch screen (Hotelling,Strickon, &Huppi,2010).Each technology had its own advantages and disadvantages,so the appearance of a new technology did not replace the old ones.However,another optical-touch technology,one could effectively prevent disadvantages of these technologies above,has been found,which could provide a better user experience.Recently,there was a research fever on optical-touch technology (Picciotto,Lutian,Lane,Fu,2012). Fig.4 Multi-touch technology With the development of touch screen,touch technology also progressed from single-touch technology to multi-touch technology,which triggered another huge reform of HCI.It has been widely used in large touch screen on occasions such as exhibition,entertainment and interactive meetings etc.We can predict that in the foreseeing future,multi-touch screen might replace all the old products.Keyboard and mouse will be even completely abandoned. 5.Multimedia and Multimodal Interaction Multimedia technologies that emerged in the late 1980s brought computer industry an unprecedented prosperity (Turk,2014).With the use of audio card,image card and other hardware equipment,it became possible that the computer was able to process sound,image,and video information.Thus,interaction technologies started to transfer into using sound,image and video.In this stage,other than mouse and keyboard,many other input and output devices suchas microphones, cameras,and trumpets,were gradually used for human-computer interaction.Interaction styles became more vivid and abundant than before. 6/19
Research Status of Human-Computer Interaction 6 / 19 us, fast development of products are usually accompanied with the increasing demand of the market. Apparently, the huge market demand of the keyboard and mouse was closely linked with the rapid development of the Internet. 4. Touch Technology From the PC age to the Internet age, interaction with the combination of mouse and keyboard did not change a lot. Until the appearance of smartphones and multi-touch technology, human-computer interaction stepped into the third generation, an era of fingertips, completely changing the traditional interaction styles. Development of touch screen technology was the impetus of this stage. Since the first touch screen PC-150 was created, touch screen undertook the evolution from resistive touch screen, capacitive touch screen, infrared touch screen, to the surface acoustic wave touch screen (Hotelling, Strickon, & Huppi, 2010). Each technology had its own advantages and disadvantages, so the appearance of a new technology did not replace the old ones. However, another optical-touch technology, one could effectively prevent disadvantages of these technologies above, has been found, which could provide a better user experience. Recently, there was a research fever on optical-touch technology (Picciotto, Lutian, Lane, & Fu, 2012). Fig. 4 Multi-touch technology With the development of touch screen, touch technology also progressed from single-touch technology to multi-touch technology, which triggered another huge reform of HCI. It has been widely used in large touch screen on occasions such as exhibition, entertainment and interactive meetings etc. We can predict that in the foreseeing future, multi-touch screen might replace all the old products. Keyboard and mouse will be even completely abandoned. 5. Multimedia and Multimodal Interaction Multimedia technologies that emerged in the late 1980s brought computer industry an unprecedented prosperity (Turk, 2014). With the use of audio card, image card and other hardware equipment, it became possible that the computer was able to process sound, image, and video information. Thus, interaction technologies started to transfer into using sound, image and video. In this stage, other than mouse and keyboard, many other input and output devices such as microphones, cameras, and trumpets, were gradually used for human-computer interaction. Interaction styles became more vivid and abundant than before