The Outline of media and gender 新闻学院《媒介与社会性别》本科生授课提纲 授课教师 INstructors(每年轮流邀请海外学者合作英语教学) 1 Prof CAO JIn(28学时 ofessor of Media Sociology and Critical Communication Theory, Directorof the Center for the Digital-Media and Communication Studies at Fudan University& University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Harvard-YenchingInstitute Visiting Scholar in 2009-2010, Journalism SchoolatFudanUniversity.jincao2012(@fudan.edu.cn 2. Prof. Bradley S.Epps(10学时) Professor, Romance Languages andLiteratures; Department Chair, Studies in Women, Gender, and Sexuality at Harvard University, bsepps(@fas. harvard. edu WebPage:http://www.fas.harvardedu/-rll/people/faculty/epps.html 3. Prof. Nadine hubbs(6学时 Professor ofWomen's Studies and Music and Faculty Associate in American Culture, anddirector of the Lesbian-Gay-Queer Research Initiative (LGQRD), University ofMichigan. Her research focuses on gender and queer studies, 20th-and2lst-century U S culture, and social class in popular and classical music, andher writings have treated topics including Leonard Bernstein, tonal modernism, 1970s disco, Morrissey Radiohead, and country music hubbs @umich. edu 4. Prof. Wei Wei(4学时) 华东师范大学社会发展学院副教授,研究方向为城市/空间社会学性别性"研究和定性研究方法( Urban/Spatial Sociology, Gender/Sexuality Studies, and Qualitative Methods weiw1974@hotmail.com 5 Prof Michael Bronski(6学时) enior Lecturer, Women,'s, Gender, Sexuality Studies and Jewish Studies rofessor of the Practice in Media and Activism, Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University 6. Prof Shani Orgard(2学时) Associate Professor, Programme Director MSc Media and Communications The London School of Economics and political science. She has a masters and a phd in mediaand Communications from the lse. her research interests include gender and the media, media representations and contemporary culture, representations ofsuffering, new media, the Internet and computer-mediated communication, narrative and media, media and everyday life, media and globalisation, health and new media and methodological aspects of doing Internet research. In 2008 Shani won an LSE Teaching Prize for Outstanding Teaching Performance S.s. orgad a lse. ac uk 7. Prof. lin xi(2学时 PhD (LSE), Reader in Political Philosophy, associate editor-in-chief of Fudan Journal ofthe Humanities and Social Sciences(published by Springer), and assistant deanof 1AS-Fudan ilin@fudan.edu.cn 课程代码:103103.01 学时:每周2学时 课程性质:专业选修课 授课方式:本课程由新闻学院哈佛燕京学者、富布莱特学者曹晋教授主持,同时邀请国际著名学者 Bradley epps、 Nadine hubbs、 Michael bronski、 Shani orgard教授等联合讲授,课程要求学生深入阅读中英文文献井积极参与课堂讨论,英文讲授之后,曹老师有 中文阐释,师生互动、教学相长,希望培养学生深刻的反思与敏锐的判断分析能力 Teaching Approaches: Instructor will give lectures, and help students read and translateclassical writings and essays in English. Topic analyses will require studentsto participate actively with good preparation. Discussion sessions will mostlya platform for students to share their thoughts and ideas. 考试:闭卷 Close- book exan 开课目的及其意义: The Goal and Meanings of This Course
The Outline of Media and Gender 新闻学院《媒介与社会性别》本科生授课提纲 授课教师Instructors（每年轮流邀请海外学者合作英语教学）: 1.Prof. CAO JIN（28学时） Professor of Media Sociology and Critical Communication Theory, Directorof the Center for the Digital-Media and Communication Studies at Fudan University& University of Shanghai for Science and Technology；Harvard-YenchingInstitute Visiting Scholar in 2009-2010,Journalism School at Fudan University.jincao2012@fudan.edu.cn 2. Prof.Bradley S. Epps（10学时） Professor, Romance Languages andLiteratures; Department Chair, Studies in Women, Gender, and Sexuality atHarvard University,bsepps@fas.harvard.edu Web Page: http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~rll/people/faculty/epps.html 3. Prof.Nadine Hubbs（6学时） Professor ofWomen's Studies and Music and Faculty Associate in American Culture, anddirector of the Lesbian-Gay-Queer Research Initiative (LGQRI),University ofMichigan. Her research focuses on gender and queer studies, 20th- and21st-century U.S. culture, and social class in popular and classical music, andher writings have treated topics including Leonard Bernstein, tonal modernism,1970s disco, Morrissey, Radiohead, and country music. nhubbs@umich.edu 4. Prof. Wei Wei（4学时） 华东师范大学社会发展学院副教授，研究方向为城市/空间社会学‚性别/“性"研究和定性研究方法（Urban/Spatial Sociology, Gender/SexualityStudies, and Qualitative Methods）。 weiw1974@hotmail.com 5.Prof.Michael Bronski（6学时） Senior Lecturer, Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies and Jewish Studies Professor of the Practice in Media and Activism, Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality,Harvard University. michael.a.bronski@dartmouth.edu 6. Prof.Shani Orgard（2学时） Associate Professor, Programme Director MSc Media and Communications The LondonSchool of Economics and Political Science. She has a Masters and a PhD in Mediaand Communications from the LSE. Her research interests include gender and the media, media representations and contemporary culture, representations ofsuffering, new media, the Internet and computer-mediated communication,narrative and media, media and everyday life, media and globalisation, health and new media and methodological aspects of doing Internet research. In 2008 Shani won an LSE Teaching Prize for Outstanding Teaching Performance. s.s.orgad@lse.ac.uk 7. Prof. Lin xi（2学时） PhD (LSE),Reader in Political Philosophy, associate editor-in-chief of Fudan Journal ofthe Humanities and Social Sciences (published by Springer), and assistant deanof IAS-Fudan. xilin@fudan.edu.cn 课程代码:103103.01 学时:每周2学时 课程性质:专业选修课 授课方式：本课程由新闻学院哈佛燕京学者、富布莱特学者曹晋教授主持，同时邀请国际著名学者Bradley Epps、Nadine Hubbs、 Michael Bronski、Shani Orgard教授等联合讲授，课程要求学生深入阅读中英文文献并积极参与课堂讨论，英文讲授之后，曹老师有 中文阐释，师生互动、教学相长，希望培养学生深刻的反思与敏锐的判断分析能力。 Teaching Approaches: Instructor will give lectures, and help students read and translateclassical writings and essays in English. Topic analyses will require studentsto participate actively with good preparation. Discussion sessions will mostlya platform for students to share their thoughts and ideas. 考试:闭卷Close-book exam 一、开课目的及其意义：The Goal and Meanings of This Course
1. To explore thetheoretical prospects in teaching and to introduce topics onforward curriculum at the Journalism Schoo 2. To analyze the complexrelationship between media and gender. 3. To help studentscultivate a basic understanding of the structural configuration of Media andGender, to reflect and critique the process of Knowledge production, to findthe power behind the social change, and to elevate the sensitiveness toward genderissues 4. To advocate the Mediamodel that calls for equal rights and unbiased gender views, and toencourage women to fight for their own wellbein 课程内容与教授进度设计(以19周38学时计) 上部:媒介与社会性别研究的 历史渊源与理论脉络(9周) Histories Origins andtheoretical Trajectories, Foundations 第一章导论:社会性别,一种社会建构 Introduction: Gender, a Social Construct 一、关键词: Sex/Gender/Sexuality性、社会性别、性存在 Sex: what our genes are Sex identity: what we think we are Sexual orientation: whom we like Sexual behavior: what we do 阅读材料 1, Oakley, Ann(1972),Sex, Gender and Society. London: Temple-Smith 2、 Joan Scott(986),“ Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis”, American Historical review,91,no.5, December1986,《社会 性别:一个有用的历史分析范畴》 3. Gayle Rubin (1975),"The Traffic of Women: Notes on the Political Economy of Sex", in Toward an Anthropology of Women, editedby Rayna r. Reiter, New York and London: Monthly Review Press:pl57-210.《女人交易:性的“政治经济学初探》 4. Sue Curry Jansen(2002), Critical Communication Theory: Power, Media, Gender, and Technology, Roman and Littlefield Publications: Lanham 、立场: Women' s Rights as Human Rights妇女权利是人权 (一) Rights Regime权利政体 (二) The subject of rights权利主体 (三) Redefining human rights as womens rights重新界定作为妇女权利的人权 (四) Right problems in Women Communication妇女传播的权利问题 1、 Media Accessibility媒介近用权 2、 Change Distort Communication to Ideal Communication Situation改变扭曲传播为理想沟通情境 三、媒介与社会性别的论述范畴 (一)、 Early Work: Exposing Assumption早期工作揭示假设 1、 Rereading operative paradigms fortheir gendered assumptions重读操作范式找出社会性别化假设 2、 Exposing the non-objectivity andnon-neutrality of the mass communication揭示大众传播的非客观性非中立性 3、 Proposing the situated nature ofall Media- knowledge production提出一切媒介知识生产的(具体)时空本质 (二)、 New Issues and New paradigm研究主题与新范式 l、 Stereotypes刻板形象 2、 Genderinstitutes( Gender ideology)社会性别制度(社会性别意识形态) 3、 Audiences andldentity受众与认同
1. To explore thetheoretical prospects in teaching and to introduce topics onforward curriculum at the JournalismSchool. 2. To analyze the complexrelationship between media and gender. 3. To help studentscultivate a basic understanding of the structural configuration of Media andGender, to reflect and critique the process of Knowledge production, to findthe power behind the social change, and to elevate the sensitiveness toward genderissues. 4. To advocate the Mediamodel that calls for equal rights and unbiased gender views, and toencourage women to fight for their own wellbeing. 二﹑课程内容与教授进度设计（以19周38学时计）： 上部:媒介与社会性别研究的 历史渊源与理论脉络(9周) Histories Origins andtheoretical Trajectories, Foundations 第一章 导论：社会性别，一种社会建构 Introduction：Gender, a Social Construct 一、关键词：Sex/Gender/Sexuality性、社会性别、性存在 Sex: what our genes are Sex identity: what we think we are Sexual orientation: whom we like Sexual behavior: what we do 阅读材料： 1、Oakley,Ann (1972)，Sex, Gender and Society.London:Temple-Smith. 2、Joan Scott(1986), “Gender:A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” ，American Historical Review，91, no. 5, December 1986，《社会 性别：一个有用的历史分析范畴》。 3、Gayle Rubin （1975），"TheTraffic of Women: Notes on the Political Economy of Sex" ,in Toward an Anthropology of Women, editedby Rayna R. Reiter，NewYork and London:Monthly Review Press： p157-210. 《女人交易：性的“政治经济学”初探》 4. Sue Curry Jansen(2002),Critical Communication Theory: Power,Media, Gender ,and Technology, Roman and Littlefield Publications: Lanham. 二、立场：Women’s Rights as HumanRights妇女权利是人权 （一）Rights Regime 权利政体 （二）The subject of rights 权利主体 （三）Redefining human rights as women’s rights 重新界定作为妇女权利的人权 （四）Right Problems in WomenCommunication妇女传播的权利问题 1、Media Accessibility 媒介近用权 2、Change DistortCommunication to Ideal Communication Situation改变扭曲传播为理想沟通情境 三、媒介与社会性别的论述范畴 （一）、Early Work: Exposing Assumption早期工作——揭示假设 1、Rereading operative paradigms fortheir gendered assumptions重读操作范式,找出社会性别化假设 2、Exposing the non-objectivity andnon-neutrality of the mass communication揭示大众传播的非客观性\非中立性 3、Proposing the situated nature ofall Media-knowledge production提出一切媒介知识生产的（具体）时空本质 （二）、New Issues and New Paradigm 研究主题与新范式 1、Stereotypes刻板形象 2、Genderinstitutes( Gender ideology)社会性别制度（社会性别意识形态） 3、Audiences andIdentity受众与认同
阅读材料: 1、曹晋(2008),《媒介与社会性别研究:理论与实例》,上海:上海三联书店。 2、【荷兰】Ⅴanzoσnen著,曹晋曹茂(2007)译,《女性主义媒介硏究》,桂林:广西师范大学出版社 3. Harding, Sandra( 1986), The Science Question in Feminism, Ithaca, NY: CornellUniversity Press 4. Gauntlett David(2002), Media, Gender and Identity: An Introduction, London: Routed 第二章媒介与社会性别研究的学术渊源与理论脉络 Histories Origins andtheoretical Trajectories, Foundations 社会运动的营养 The Social Movements Nutrition Contexts and Claims脉络与主张 The first wave of feministmovement第一次女性主义运动 The Second Wave of Feminist movement第二次女性主义运动 The Third Wave of Feminist movement第三次女性主义浪潮 二、 Feminist Thoughts女性主义思潮 Liberal feminism自由主义 (二)、 Radical Feminism激进主义 (三)、 Socialist Feminism社会主义 (四)、 Marxist feminism马克思主义 (五)、Post- Modernist Feminism后现代主义 (六)、 Culture Feminism文化女性主义 (七)、 Ecology feminism生态女性主义 (八)、 Transnational Feminism跨国女性主义 (九)、 Psychoanalysis Feminism精神分析女性主义 (十)、 Lesbian's Feminism女同性恋女性主义 三. Theorizing Subjectivity:构建主体性理论 (一)、 Subjects and Power主体和权力 (二)、 Agency能动性 (三)、 Experience经验 (四)、 Femininity女性气质 五)、 Masculinity男性气质 (六)、Body身体 (七、 Positionality位置性 (八)、 Equality and Difference平等和差异 (九)、 Intersectionality交叉性 阅读材料 1、【美国】罗斯玛丽·帕特南·童著、艾晓明等译,《女性主义思潮导论》武汉华中师范大学岀版社00年。 2.李银河(2003),《酷儿理论》,北京文化艺术出版社 3. Jansen, Sue Curry (2002), Critical Communication Theory: Power, Meida, Gender, and Technology. Boston: Rowman &Littlefield Publishers 4. Connell, R w(1998),"Masculinitiesand Globalization", Men and Masculinites, Sage: pp 3-23 5、曹晋(2007),《体育明星的媒介话语生产:姚明、霸权的男性气质与国家形象》,《新闻大学》,2007,4. 6、 Cnythia Enloe(2004),《在阿布格莱布运用男性气质:美国军事丑闻的女性主义解读》,韩国汉城: Asian Journal of womer' s Studies, 2004,9,30,No.10 第三章媒介,社会性别,性存在和文化研究 Media, Gender, Sexuality and Cultural Studies
阅读材料： 1、曹晋（2008），《媒介与社会性别研究：理论与实例》，上海：上海三联书店。. 2、【荷兰】Ｖａｎ Ｚｏｏｎｅｎ著， 曹晋 曹茂（２００７）译，《女性主义媒介研究》，桂林：广西师范大学出版社。 3、Harding, Sandra(1986), The Science Question in Feminism, Ithaca, NY: CornellUniversity Press. 4、Gauntlett ,David(2002),Media ,Gender and Identity: An Introduction ,London: Routledge. 第二章 媒介与社会性别研究的学术渊源与理论脉络 Histories Origins andtheoretical Trajectories, Foundations 一、社会运动的营养:The Social Movements’ Nutrition Contexts and Claims 脉络与主张 The First Wave of Feministmovement第一次女性主义运动 The Second Wave of Feminist movement第二次女性主义运动 The Third Wave of Feminist movement第三次女性主义浪潮 二、FeministThoughts女性主义思潮 （一）、Liberal Feminism自由主义 （二）、Radical Feminism激进主义 （三）、 Socialist Feminism社会主义 （四）、Marxist Feminism马克思主义 （五）、Post-Modernist Feminism后现代主义 （六）、Culture Feminism文化女性主义 （七）、Ecology feminism生态女性主义 （八）、Transnational Feminism跨国女性主义 （九）、Psychoanalysis Feminism精神分析女性主义 （十）、Lesbian’s Feminism女同性恋女性主义 三﹑Theorizing Subjectivity: 构建主体性理论 (一)、Subjects and Power主体和权力 (二)、Agency能动性 (三)、 Experience经验 (四)、 Femininity女性气质 (五)、Masculinity男性气质 (六)、 Body身体 (七)、 Positionality位置性 (八)、 Equality and Difference平等和差异 (九)、 Intersectionality 交叉性 阅读材料: 1﹑【美国】罗斯玛丽·帕特南·童著、艾晓明等译，《女性主义思潮导论》,武汉:华中师范大学出版社2002年。 2﹑李银河(2003),《酷儿理论》,北京:文化艺术出版社. 3、Jansen, Sue Curry (2002), Critical Communication Theory:Power、Meida, Gender, and Technology. Boston: Rowman &Littlefield Publishers. 4、Connell, R.W（1998），“Masculinitiesand Globalization”, Men and Masculinites,Sage: pp.3-23. 5、曹晋（2007），《体育明星的媒介话语生产：姚明、霸权的男性气质与国家形象》，《新闻大学》，2007，4. 6、Cnythia Enloe(2004), 《在阿布格莱布运用男性气质：美国军事丑闻的女性主义解读》，韩国汉城：Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 2004,9,30, No.10. 第三章 媒介，社会性别，性存在和文化研究 Media, Gender, Sexuality and Cultural Studies
Shorthistory of Cultural Studies in Britain and the U.s. Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, Bir Cultural studies in the u.s Transnational Cultural Studies Important Theories Explanation A unit on Engels, the family, privateproperty, and the state(a Marxist perspective), another on Freud andpsychoanalysis, another on Levi- Strauss and structural anthropology(the lastchapter of The Elementary Structures of Kinship), and another unit on Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex( the first chapter, on biology and "destiny"), as well as feminist critiques of all ofthe above(Engels, Freud, Levi-Strauss). Another unit could be devoted to LGBT studies and "queer theory, withan article by Judith Butler("Imitation and Gender Insubordination),a shortchapter by Eve Sedgwick(on homosociality vis-a-vis homosexuality ) and chapter or two from Ann Fausto-Sterling's work c intersexuality andtransgenderism(which scientifically disputes, even rejects, themasculine/feminine binary as holding for ALL human beings) We could also do a unit on cinema and visualculture, very important for a course on media, with works by laura Mulvey andher critics =. SpecialStudies: Media, Gender, Sexuality and Culture Studies 1. MichelFoucault's History of Sexuality 2. Recent documentary on Lesbian and gay visibility in Cuba 3. Passing Lines. Immigration and Sexuality 4. Print media and Lesbians identity 阅读材料 I. Lawrence Grossberg(1997),"CulturalStudies: What's in a Name(One More Time),", Bringing it All Back Home: Essays on Cultural udies, Durham, NC: Duke University Press 2, Bradley Epps(2008), No todo se perdio en Cuba: Spain between Europe and Africa in the Wake of 1898. In National Identities and EuropeanLiteratures/Nationale Identitaten und Europaische Literaturen. Eds. J. Manuel Barbeito, Jaime Feijoo, Anton Figueroa, and Jorge Sacido Bern: Peter Lang. 2008. 147-17 3、请搜索英国文化研究代表人物霍尔专著 请把马克思《家庭、国家与私有制起源》等搜索,顺序往下排 第四章女性主义与传播政治经济学的联结 The Connections of Feminist Theory and Political Economy This Chapter attempts tobuild connections between feminist theory and political economy, particularlyas they apply to labour, and to show how the information and communicationsector offers a substantive base for exploring that relationship 传播政治经济学的学者们把社会性别作为社会阶级关系的一个方面进行批判研究,考察社会性别与权力的关系;其次,关注社会再 生产中的社会性别问题;最后,以社会性别与阶级双重论,研究父权与资本主义互构导致社会性别歧视的制度生产。尽管传播政治经 济学与女性主义学说之间的鸿沟不可弥合,但鉴于其在学术与政治目标、社会运动实践等方面的—致性和全球化进程中传播资源与权 力分配的不平等与不公正问题的紧迫性,两者对社会权力分配、不平等与压迫性的共同关注促成彼此联袂合作的趋势日渐明显 关注权力和历史情境 1、加拿大学者米歇尔马丁( Michele martin)在《电话体系形成的社会性别、技术与文化》( Hello central?: Gender, Technology,and Culture in the Formation of Telephone Systems,1991)书,作者研究了加拿大的蒙特利尔的Be公司丰富的却尚未被发掘的成就,参阅美 国的情况,论著从电话发明时期至系统自动化阶段(18761920),检视加拿大电话系统的发展,尤其在安大略和在魁北克的发展 情况,作者强调的是新技术的发展为妇女提供了新的职业工作,赋予新的社会地位,和新文化实践发展中政治经济学的关系以及妇女 在新文化实践中的作用。作者抛开了以往技术仅由男性决定和操纵,或是占统治阶级具有政治权利的男子主导技术发展和趋势的传统 思想,而从女性主义的角度,融入传播政治经济学,意在展现妇女对传播技术与电话产业所做岀的积极贡献。电话在其历史的最初2 年里,仅仅被当成男人专用的做生意的工具。其家用功能,如妇女使用其来传播流言和秘密、交换菜谱,以及其他诸如此类的功能 最初被认为是破坏性的,在利益动机主导一切之前,电话公司不鼓励甚至贬低这些功能,意识形态也跟在后面附和。后来聊天被合法 化了,广告甚至开始鼓励把电话当成帮手、伙伴和主妇必需品。Bel电话公司由一个小型的企业向大型的、私人垄断的、注重要求生 产量增长的电话产业垄断公司发展,电话接线员对于电话商业的发展与公司业务的利润尤其重要。一种女性主义的方法揭示了在电话 业早期发展的大部分时间,“甜美、温顺的女性气质ˆ的个性被赋予了当时的女性,管理层对她们进行的最大程度的剥削,是电话行业 的发展和电话公司获利的最大的来源。经理们发现,雇用男性电话接线员来拓展业务是困难重重的,因为在男性身上,找不到社会对 女性反复灌输的顺从性格。大多数的电话用户来自中产阶级或是中产阶级以上,他们和电话接线员的关系就好像商人和秘书之间的关
一、Shorthistory of Cultural Studies in Britain and the U.S. Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, Birmingham, England Cultural Studies in the U.S. Transnational Cultural Studies 二、Important Theories Explanation A unit on Engels, the family, privateproperty, and the state (a Marxist perspective), another on Freud andpsychoanalysis, another on LéviStrauss and structural anthropology (the lastchapter of The Elementary Structures of Kinship), and another unit on Simone deBeauvoir’s The Second Sex (the first chapter, on biology and “destiny”),as well as feminist critiques of all ofthe above (Engels, Freud, Lévi-Strauss). Another unit could be devoted to LGBT studies and “queer theory,” withan article by Judith Butler (“Imitation and Gender Insubordination), a shortchapter by Eve Sedgwick (on homosociality vis-à-vis homosexuality), and achapter or two from Ann Fausto-Sterling’s work on intersexuality andtransgenderism (which scientifically disputes, even rejects, themasculine/feminine binary as holding for ALL human beings). We could also do a unit on cinema and visualculture, very important for a course on media, with works by Laura Mulvey andher critics. 三、SpecialStudies : Media , Gender, Sexuality and Culture Studies 1． MichelFoucault’s History of Sexuality 2.Recent documentary on Lesbian and Gay visibility inCuba 3.Passing Lines: Immigration and Sexuality 4. Print media and Lesbians identity 阅读材料: 1﹑Lawrence Grossberg（1997）, “CulturalStudies: What’s in a Name (One More Time)”, Bringing it All Back Home:Essays on Cultural Studies, Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2、Bradley Epps(2008),“‘No todo se perdió en Cuba’: Spain betweenEurope and Africa in the Wake of 1898.” In National Identities and EuropeanLiteratures/Nationale Identitäten und Europäische Literaturen. Eds. J. ManuelBarbeito, Jaime Feijóo, Antón Figueroa, and Jorge Sacido. Bern: Peter Lang,2008. 147-171. 3、请搜索英国文化研究代表人物霍尔专著 4、请把马克思《家庭、国家与私有制起源》等搜索，顺序往下排 第四章 女性主义与传播政治经济学的联结 The Connections of Feminist Theory and Political Economy This Chapter attempts tobuild connections between feminist theory and political economy, particularlyas they apply to labour, and to show how the information and communicationsector offers a substantive base for exploring that relationship. 一、寻求共同立场 传播政治经济学的学者们把社会性别作为社会阶级关系的一个方面进行批判研究，考察社会性别与权力的关系；其次，关注社会再 生产中的社会性别问题；最后，以社会性别与阶级双重论，研究父权与资本主义互构导致社会性别歧视的制度生产。尽管传播政治经 济学与女性主义学说之间的鸿沟不可弥合，但鉴于其在学术与政治目标、社会运动实践等方面的一致性和全球化进程中传播资源与权 力分配的不平等与不公正问题的紧迫性，两者对社会权力分配、不平等与压迫性的共同关注促成彼此联袂合作的趋势日渐明显。 二、关注权力和历史情境 三、案例研究： 1、加拿大学者米歇尔·马丁（Michèle Martin）在《电话体系形成的社会性别、技术与文化》（Hello Central?: Gender,Technology, and Culture in the Formation of Telephone Systems, 1991)一书，作者研究了加拿大的蒙特利尔的Bell公司丰富的却尚未被发掘的成就，参阅美 国的情况，论著从电话发明时期至系统自动化阶段（1876——1920），检视加拿大电话系统的发展，尤其在安大略和在魁北克的发展 情况，作者强调的是新技术的发展为妇女提供了新的职业工作，赋予新的社会地位，和新文化实践发展中政治经济学的关系以及妇女 在新文化实践中的作用。作者抛开了以往技术仅由男性决定和操纵，或是占统治阶级具有政治权利的男子主导技术发展和趋势的传统 思想，而从女性主义的角度，融入传播政治经济学，意在展现妇女对传播技术与电话产业所做出的积极贡献。电话在其历史的最初25 年里，仅仅被当成男人专用的做生意的工具。其家用功能，如妇女使用其来传播流言和秘密、交换菜谱，以及其他诸如此类的功能， 最初被认为是破坏性的，在利益动机主导一切之前，电话公司不鼓励甚至贬低这些功能，意识形态也跟在后面附和。后来聊天被合法 化了，广告甚至开始鼓励把电话当成帮手、伙伴和主妇必需品。Bell电话公司由一个小型的企业向大型的、私人垄断的、注重要求生 产量增长的电话产业垄断公司发展，电话接线员对于电话商业的发展与公司业务的利润尤其重要。一种女性主义的方法揭示了在电话 业早期发展的大部分时间，“甜美、温顺的女性气质”的个性被赋予了当时的女性，管理层对她们进行的最大程度的剥削，是电话行业 的发展和电话公司获利的最大的来源。经理们发现，雇用男性电话接线员来拓展业务是困难重重的，因为在男性身上，找不到社会对 女性反复灌输的顺从性格。大多数的电话用户来自中产阶级或是中产阶级以上，他们和电话接线员的关系就好像商人和秘书之间的关
系,或者是一个中产阶级的女性和她的仆人。也就是说,妇女为电话产业输出了当时发展所急需的廉价劳动力和匹配于电话产业服务 的温柔甜美的女性气质,但最后,Bel电话公司因技术更新、产业垄断性竞争,却淘汰了电话发展历史上贡献良多的妇女接线员。可 见,电话交流促进了妇女社会化和家庭之外的联系,但劳工阶级妇女并不能因为电话的普及使用而逾越阶级的鸿沟 2、曹晋的微观硏究《传播新技术、社会性别与阶级:以流移上海的家政钟点女工的手机使用分析为例》( New communication Technology, Gender, and Class: Case Study of Analysising the Cell-Phone Use by Migrating Domestic Women in Shanghai) Abstract: By focusing on an ethnographic analysis, this paper foregrounds a casestudy of the cell-phone use by domestic women, an Anhuiprovince women who now work as an hourly-paid domestic worker in Shanghai. The articledemonstrates how cell-phones play an in China'smetropolitans In this process, domestic women left their son or daughter for the time being and swarmed into afar-away and stranger %. important role in Chinese rural women'sadaptation to urban life today along with the marketlization and socializationof domestic service indust city with her husband. Living through worries and hopes, fears and wanderings everyday, they manage to monitor distantly their child'sgrowing up and to carry out mothering duties via cell-phone communications. This article will further discuss that intensified through the urban and ruraldifference and area's divide at the juncture of modernization in the 21stcentury China, popular using of new communication technology and marketlizationof Reproductive Labor how to reconfiguration the class and gender position of migratingdomestic women Keywords: Migrating Domestic Women, Cell-PhoneUsing Gender Class 都市的家政女工作为农村妇女的一个群体,她们暂时逃离了农村传统社会性别、辈分与年龄的权力等级结构的压制(笑冬, 2002),却难以置身于具体的中国情境中的区域经济的悬殊、城乡区隔之外,她们在全球市场经济中的角色(社会阶级分隔)与社会 性别等级制度中的位置(社会性别权益)和技术能力都决定了家政钟点女工的底层社会地位,的确,“不是职业决定了社会阶级的 质;而是嵌于控制关系中的阶级关系决定了职业的具体内容和职业顺序”(理查德斯凯思,中文版2005:29)。上述因素决定了钟点 女工只能把孩子放在老家,通过手机遥控监护的方式履行母职,其间存在一个贯穿城市女雇主、钟点女工与老家看护子女的妇女之间 的家务劳动的连续性。农村妇女通过无偿劳动到有偿劳动的转换,以及通过手机远程监护子女成长、联系弹性的家政工作而达成多维 社会关系的实践,从而体现出农村妇女的主体性与能动性。另一方面,21世纪中国交织着城乡差异和地域区隔的阶级与社会性别的权 力等级关系在科技发展与市场经济转型的现代化进程中并没有得到关注与解决,其经受变革的韧性依然牢固,钟点女工可以跨越区域 流移都市而增加劳动收入,但并不可能逾越的阶级与社会性别制度的等级安排,就如拉娜·蕾蔻和米歇尔·马丁的电话硏究所展示的 妇女可以利用电话的即时与互动性穿越时空参与工作实践并维系家庭情感,对传播科技与电话产业都有创造性价值,但农村妇女井不 能跨越自身的阶级和社会性别身份,无论农村妇女如何使用手机,她们在这个新技术世界都是最基本的失败者,城乡、地区、技术与 经济的支配性力量重叠交织于农村妇女的生活世界,她们只能继续以牺牲家庭前景的都市漂流来获取基本的生 忍耐着发展中 国家的劳动力市场中对农村妇女普遍的经济剥削,这是技术全球化与市场经济全球化的现代特征之一。借鉴前辈学者的良知—“将人 文科学的道义评价与社会科学的理性判断结合起来”(何淸涟,1998),警示我们维护社会公正与性别平等的路途依然任重道远。 阅读材料 1, H. Leslie Steeves and Janet Wasko(2002),"Feminist Theory and Political Economy: Toward a Friendly Alliance", in E. Meehan and E Riordan, eds Sex Money: Feminismandpolitical economy in the media, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press 2、曹晋,《媒介与社会性别研究的理论建构》,《南京大学学报》,208年第四期。 3. Michele Martin(1991), Hello Central? Gender, Technology, and Culture in the Formation of Telephone Systems, Montreal: McGill Queens University Press. 4、曹晋,《传播新技术、社会性别与阶级:以流移上海的家政钟点女工的手机使用分析为例》,《新闻与传播硏究》,200年第 5. Eileen R. Meehan (2002),"Genderingthe Commodity Audience: Critical Media Research, Feminism, and PoliticalEconomy", In Sex and Money: Feminism and Political Economy in the Media, Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 209-222 6. Oscar H. Gandy Jr.(2000),"Race, Ethnicity and the Segmentation of Media Markets", in Mass Media and Society, James Curranan Micheal Gurevitch(eds ) London: Arnold Pub Corp, p44-69 下部:媒介与社会性别研究专题(10周) Special Topics of Media andGender Studies 第五章媒介生产与社会性别编码 Media production and the encoding of gender 媒介生产的机制 he mechanism of media production 二.编码与解码理论 Encodingand decoding
系，或者是一个中产阶级的女性和她的仆人。也就是说，妇女为电话产业输出了当时发展所急需的廉价劳动力和匹配于电话产业服务 的温柔甜美的女性气质，但最后，Bell电话公司因技术更新、产业垄断性竞争，却淘汰了电话发展历史上贡献良多的妇女接线员。可 见，电话交流促进了妇女社会化和家庭之外的联系，但劳工阶级妇女并不能因为电话的普及使用而逾越阶级的鸿沟。 2、曹晋的微观研究《传播新技术、社会性别与阶级：以流移上海的家政钟点女工的手机使用分析为例》（New Communication Technology , Gender ,and Class: Case Study of Analysising the Cell-Phone Use byMigrating Domestic Women in Shanghai） Abstract:By focusing on an ethnographic analysis, this paper foregrounds a casestudy of the cell-phone use by domestic women , an Anhuiprovince women who now work as an hourly-paid domestic worker in Shanghai. The articledemonstrates how cell-phones play an important role in Chinese rural women’sadaptation to urban life today along with the marketlization and socializationof domestic service industry in China’smetropolitans. In this process, domestic women left their son or daughter for the time being and swarmed into afar-away and strange city with her husband. Living through worries and hopes,fears and wanderings everyday, they manage to monitor distantly their child’sgrowingup and to carry out mothering duties via cell-phone communications.This article will further discuss that intensified through the urban and ruraldifference and area’s divide at the juncture of modernization in the 21stcentury China, popular using of new communication technology and marketlizationof Reproductive Labor how to reconfiguration the class and gender position of migratingdomestic women . Keywords:Migrating Domestic Women,Cell-PhoneUsing,Gender Class 流移都市的家政女工作为农村妇女的一个群体，她们暂时逃离了农村传统社会“性别、辈分与年龄”的权力等级结构的压制（笑冬， 2002），却难以置身于具体的中国情境中的区域经济的悬殊、城乡区隔之外，她们在全球市场经济中的角色（社会阶级分隔）与社会 性别等级制度中的位置（社会性别权益）和技术能力都决定了家政钟点女工的底层社会地位，的确，“不是职业决定了社会阶级的本 质；而是嵌于控制关系中的阶级关系决定了职业的具体内容和职业顺序”（理查德·斯凯思，中文版2005：29）。上述因素决定了钟点 女工只能把孩子放在老家，通过手机遥控监护的方式履行母职，其间存在一个贯穿城市女雇主、钟点女工与老家看护子女的妇女之间 的家务劳动的连续性。农村妇女通过无偿劳动到有偿劳动的转换，以及通过手机远程监护子女成长、联系弹性的家政工作而达成多维 社会关系的实践，从而体现出农村妇女的主体性与能动性。另一方面，21世纪中国交织着城乡差异和地域区隔的阶级与社会性别的权 力等级关系在科技发展与市场经济转型的现代化进程中并没有得到关注与解决，其经受变革的韧性依然牢固，钟点女工可以跨越区域 流移都市而增加劳动收入，但并不可能逾越的阶级与社会性别制度的等级安排，就如拉娜·蕾蔻和米歇尔·马丁的电话研究所展示的： 妇女可以利用电话的即时与互动性穿越时空参与工作实践并维系家庭情感，对传播科技与电话产业都有创造性价值，但农村妇女并不 能跨越自身的阶级和社会性别身份，无论农村妇女如何使用手机，她们在这个新技术世界都是最基本的失败者，城乡、地区、技术与 经济的支配性力量重叠交织于农村妇女的生活世界，她们只能继续以牺牲家庭前景的都市漂流来获取基本的生活资源，忍耐着发展中 国家的劳动力市场中对农村妇女普遍的经济剥削，这是技术全球化与市场经济全球化的现代特征之一。借鉴前辈学者的良知——“将人 文科学的道义评价与社会科学的理性判断结合起来”（何清涟，1998），警示我们维护社会公正与性别平等的路途依然任重道远。 阅读材料： 1、H. Leslie Steeves and JanetWasko（2002），“Feminist Theory andPolitical Economy: Toward a Friendly Alliance”，in E. Meehan and E. Riordan ,eds.，Sex & Money: Feminismandpolitical economy in the media，Minneapolis,MN: University of Minnesota Press. 2、曹晋，《媒介与社会性别研究的理论建构》，《南京大学学报》，2008年第四期。 3、Michèle Martin（1991），Hello Central?: Gender,Technology, and Culture in the Formation of Telephone Systems，Montreal:McGillQueen's University Press. 4、曹晋，《传播新技术、社会性别与阶级：以流移上海的家政钟点女工的手机使用分析为例》，《新闻与传播研究》，2009年第1 期。 5、Eileen R. Meehan （2002），“Genderingthe Commodity Audience: Critical Media Research, Feminism, and PoliticalEconomy” ，In Sex and Money: Feminism and Political Economy in the Media, Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 209-222. 6、Oscar H. Gandy Jr.（2000），“Race,Ethnicity ,and the Segmentation of Media Markets”，inMass Media and Society, James Curranand Micheal Gurevitch (eds.), London: Arnold Pub. Corp., p44-69. 下部:媒介与社会性别研究专题（10周） Special Topics of Media andGender Studies 第五章 媒介生产与社会性别编码 Media Production and the Encoding of Gender 一﹑媒介生产的机制The mechanism of media production 二﹑编码与解码理论Encodingand decoding