L 单质金属中主要的散射机制是电声子相互作用,电导率 的温度关系为 0∝Tl 半导体和绝缘体的电导率随温度变化以指数函数增大 Onexp-Eg/2kT)
L 1 1 1 = + .单质金属中主要的散射机制是电声子相互作用,电导率 的温度关系为 σ∝T-1 。 半导体和绝缘体的电导率随温度变化以指数函数增大 σ=σ0 exp(-Eg/2kT)
4-3-2材料的结构与导电性 Structures and Conductivity 1、材料的电子结构与导电性能带 electron energy band Energy band gap Energy band 外层电子能级 N个原子 重迭 Interatomic Equilibrium separation N个能级 分离 InteratomIc SpacIng FIGURE 12.3(a) The conventional representation of the electron energy band structure for a solid material at the equilibrium interatomic separation (b) Electron energy versus interatomic separation for an aggregate of atoms, illustrating how the energy band structure at the equilibrium separation in(a)is
4-3-2 材料的结构与导电性 Structures and Conductivity 1、 材料的电子结构与导电性 能带 electron energy band 外层电子能级 N个原子 N个能级 重迭 分离
空带与价带 空带 重叠 空带 Ec 禁带 级 Ec 导体 绝缘体 半导体 Empty conduction band Empty band conduction band band Band gap Band gap Band Empty states Filled Filled band valen valence Filled states band band FIGURE 12. 4 The various possible electron band structures in solids at 0 K.(a)
(1)导体 conductor 碱金属锂、钠、钾钠(1S2S263S1) 碱土金属铍、镁、钙镁(1222P63s2)3S与3P重迭 贵金属铜、银、金铜(152623P63d04S1) 过渡金属铁、镍、钴铁(1522p6323P63d74s2)重迭 Emp ty Empty band Band gap Empty states Filled band Filled states
(1)导体 conductor 碱金属 锂、钠、钾 钠(1S22S22P63S1) 碱土金属 铍、镁、钙 镁(1S22S22P63S2) 3S与3P重迭 贵金属 铜、银、金 铜(1S22S22P63S23P63d104S1) 过渡金属 铁、镍、钴 铁(1S22S22P63S23P63d74S2)重迭
FIGuRE 12. 5 For a metal, occupancy of electron states(a) before and(b)after an electron excitation Empty states Filled states 三三三三 Electron excitation