Second law- probability Number of (indistinguishable) ways of placing L of the molecules in the left bulb N W L! ( N-L Probability WL/2 maximum if L=N/2 √ With n=1023,p(L=R±1010)=10434 possible but extremely unlikely
Second Law - Probability L Number of (indistinguishable) ways of placing L of the N molecules in the left bulb: Probability WL / 2N maximum if L = N / 2 9 With N = 1023, p ( L = R ± 10-10 ) = 10-434 possible but extremely unlikely
Second Law-Entropy Boltzmann’ s constant s=kInw k=138x1023JK1 ∑ pi n p ● Principle of fair Apportionment N Multiplicity of outcomes n1!,!n, N N n(n2(n n n2n, P! P2P
Second Law - Entropy Boltzmann’s constant k = 1.38 x 10-23 J.K-1 Principle of Fair Apportionment Multiplicity of outcomes