Renal failure
1 Renal failure
患儿女,11月。因呕吐、腹泻伴发热9天,无尿5天入院。 9天前无诱因出现腹泻,每天3~4次,伴频繁呕吐,非喷射状,量 较多;同时发热,体温最高41℃。给予口服抗生素治疗,三天后 腹泻、呕吐次数减咸少,但体温仍在38~39℃之间。近5天一直无尿。 体检: 呼吸60次分,脉搏120次分,血压85/54mmHg 昏睡状态。双眼睑及球结膜水肿,睑结膜稍苍白,口唇干裂,咽 充血,颈无抵抗;呼吸深大。 实验室检查 便常规正常;血钾86 mmol/L,血钠128 mmol/L,氯化物100mmol 血钙1.98mmoL,血磷23moL,尿素氮3712mmoL,血肌酐 8044nL;血气分析:pH717PCO24. mmHg hco 8.6mmol/L SBE-18.3mmo/L;心电图:室内传导阻滞,T波高尖
2 • 患儿女,11月。因呕吐、腹泻伴发热9天,无尿5天入院。 • 9天前无诱因出现腹泻,每天3~4次,伴频繁呕吐,非喷射状,量 较多;同时发热,体温最高41℃。给予口服抗生素治疗,三天后 腹泻、呕吐次数减少,但体温仍在38~39℃之间。近5天一直无尿。 体检: 呼吸60次/分,脉搏120次/分,血压85/54mmHg。 昏睡状态。双眼睑及球结膜水肿,睑结膜稍苍白,口唇干裂,咽 充血,颈无抵抗;呼吸深大。 • 实验室检查: 便常规正常;血钾8.6mmol/L,血钠128mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L, 血钙1.98mmol/L,血磷2.33mmol/L, 尿素氮37.12mmol/L,血肌酐 804.44μmol/L;血气分析:pH7.17, PCO2 24.5mmHg, HCO3 - 8.6mmol/L, • SBE -18.3mmol/L;心电图:室内传导阻滞,T波高尖
8 1 Introduction Normal function of the kidney Renal insufficiency Causes Basic manifestation of renal insufficiency
3 §1 Introduction • Normal function of the kidney • Renal insufficiency • Causes • Basic manifestation of renal insufficiency
Normal function of the kidney 1.Excretion Remove waste product from the body Regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance 2 Endocrine Produce renin、EPO、125(oH2D3and prostaglandins Inactivate gastrin, PTH
4 Normal function of the kidney Remove waste product from the body; Regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance. 1.Excretion Produce renin、EPO、1,25(OH)2D3 and prostaglandins; Inactivate gastrin、PTH. 2. Endocrine
Renal insufficiency Dysfunction Diseases→ Symptoms of excretion and signs and endocrine Edema, hypertension, oliguric polyuria, hematuria, proteinuria, anemia, osteodystrophy
5 Renal insufficiency Diseases Dysfunction of excretion and endocrine Symptoms and signs Edema, hypertension, oliguric, polyuria, hematuria, proteinuria, anemia, osteodystrophy